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Unit 7 Bio
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| biological diversity | variety of living things that inhabit our planet |
| evolution | heritable change in the characteristics within a population from one generation to the next |
| adaptations | characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments |
| fossil | preserved remains of an ancient organism |
| Jean-Baptiste Lamarck | unlike darwin, he believed living things evolved in a continuously upward direction, from dead matter through simple to more complex forms, towards human "perfection" claimed species didn't die out in extinctions one of the best known early evolutionists |
| theory of acquired characteristics | individuals acquire traits during their lifetime as a result of experience or behavior, then pass these traits to their offspring |
| natural selection | process whereby organisms better adapted to the environment tend to survive and produce more offspring |
| artificial selection | humans choose individual organisms with certain phenotype traits for the value of breeding |
| selective breeding | method of breeding that allows only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation |
| extinct | a whole species or population dies out |
| relative age | age of an object in relation to ages of other subjects |
| absolute age | actual age of the fossil given in years that's determined through radioactive dating processes |
| transitional fossils | has features and characteristics that are intermediate between ancient ancestors and their later descendants |
| biogeography (evidence) | distribution of plants and animals in various regions of the world. diff species on diff continents that didn't have common ancestors were living under similar conditions and natural selection pressure |
| homologous structures | similar in structure but different in function. organisms with these have common ancestors and are related to divergent evolution |
| vestigal organs | historical remnants of structures that had important functions in ancestors but have no function in our current bodies. (tailbone, wisdom teeth, etc) |
| embryology | study of embryos and their development. all have gill slits and tail |
| selection pressure | pattern and speed of evolution that depends on the changing requirements of the environment |
| extinction | fact or process of a species, family, or other group of animals or plants all dying out |
| adaptive radiation | sudden appearance of many new species when organisms move into unoccupied habitats and niches |
| convergent evolution | process by which 2 species evolve similar traits. no common ancestor; developed similar structures to meet environments demands |
| analogous structures | no common ancestor; same function but different structures |
| divergent evolution | closely related species become more and more dissimilar |
| coevolution | process by which 2 species evolve in response to changes in each other. a change in one organism is going to be followed by a change in another organism |
| gradualism | evolution happens slowly over a long period of time |
| punctuated equilibrium | pattern of long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change |
| allopatric speciation | speciation resulting from geographical barriers keeping populations of the same species apart |
| sympatric speciation | speciation resulting from the inability to reproduce successfully or offspring that are infertile/not viable |
| founder effect | small group of individuals breaks off from the large population and is isolated. Loss of genetic diversity from the original population. This produces a large genetic drift |
| genetic drift | change in the gene pool (frequency of dominant alleles vs. recessive alleles) from one generation to the next. This is due to random chance and not selection. |
| species | group of organisms that may interbreed and produce offspring thats also capable of reproducing the same kind |
| prezygotic isolating mechanism (barrier) | prevents fertilizations, temporal isolation, ecological isolation, geographic isolation, behavioral, mechanical |
| postzygotic isolating mechanism (barrier) | hybrid inviability (gonna die), hybrid infertility, hybrid breakdown |
| hybrid inviability | going to die |
| hybrid infertility | will survive, isn't fertile |
| hybrid breakdown | some of the 1st generation is fertile, but not the next generation |
| temporal isolation | species reproduce in different seasons or at different times of the day |
| ecological isolation | species occur in the same area, but they occupy different habitats and rarely encounter each other (water turtle VS land turtle) |
| geographic isolation | species occur in different areas, which are often separated by a physical barrier such as a river or mountain range (the two fox being split up by a river) |
| behavioral isolation | species differ in their mating rituals (the different bird songs) |
| mechanical isolation | structural differences between species prevent mating. |
| hybrid inviability | gonna die |
| hybrid infertility | will survive, not fertile |
| hybrid breakdown | some of 1st generation is fertile but not the next generation |
Created by:
walshga27
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