Choosing which individuals mate in order to produce offspring with desired traits. Also known as selective breeding.

The accepted mechanism that drives evolution. Nature favors individuals with traits adapted for the environment and selects against individuals with undesired traits.

Changes in populations, not individuals, over time.

Homologous Structures

Anatomical structures inherited from a common ancestor. These structures have the same form, but different functions.

Structures that have either a reduced function or no function in an adult organism.

Structures that do not indicate a close evolutionary relationship. These structures have the same function, but their structures are different.

An early, prebirth stage of an organism's development.

A measure of the relative contribution that an individual trait makes to the next generation.

An adaptation that allows an organism to blend in with the environment.

One species evolves to resemble another species.

Stabilizing Selection

It operates to eliminate extreme expressions of a trait when the average expression leads to higher fitness.

Directional Selection

This form of selection favors one of the extreme versions of a trait.

A type of selection that splits a population into two groups. It tends to remove individuals with average traits, but retain individuals expressing extreme traits at both ends of a continuum.

Allopatric Speciation

A physical barrier divides one population into two or more populations. The separate populations eventually will contain organisms that, if enough time has passed, will no longer be able to breed successfully with one another.

Also called divergent evolution. Can occur in a relatively short time span when one species gives rise to many species in response to the creation of a new habitat or another ecological opportunity.

The idea that evolution proceeds in small, gradual steps.

Punctuated Equilibrium

Rapid spurts of genetic change alternating with long periods when the species exhibit little or no change.

The evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species because they have a close relationship with each other.

Unrelated species evolve similar traits even though they live in different parts of the world. Occurs in environments that are geographically far apart, but have similar ecology and climate.

When two populations become isolated by differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors. The populations may live in the same area, but do not breed with each other.

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Evolution

Term	Definition
Artificial Selection	Choosing which individuals mate in order to produce offspring with desired traits. Also known as selective breeding.
Natural Selection	The accepted mechanism that drives evolution. Nature favors individuals with traits adapted for the environment and selects against individuals with undesired traits.
Evolution	Changes in populations, not individuals, over time.
Homologous Structures	Anatomical structures inherited from a common ancestor. These structures have the same form, but different functions.
Vestigial Structures	Structures that have either a reduced function or no function in an adult organism.
Analogous Structures	Structures that do not indicate a close evolutionary relationship. These structures have the same function, but their structures are different.
Embryo	An early, prebirth stage of an organism's development.
Fitness	A measure of the relative contribution that an individual trait makes to the next generation.
Camouflage	An adaptation that allows an organism to blend in with the environment.
Mimicry	One species evolves to resemble another species.
Stabilizing Selection	It operates to eliminate extreme expressions of a trait when the average expression leads to higher fitness.
Directional Selection	This form of selection favors one of the extreme versions of a trait.
Disruptive Selection	A type of selection that splits a population into two groups. It tends to remove individuals with average traits, but retain individuals expressing extreme traits at both ends of a continuum.
Allopatric Speciation	A physical barrier divides one population into two or more populations. The separate populations eventually will contain organisms that, if enough time has passed, will no longer be able to breed successfully with one another.
Adaptive Radiation	Also called divergent evolution. Can occur in a relatively short time span when one species gives rise to many species in response to the creation of a new habitat or another ecological opportunity.
Gradualism	The idea that evolution proceeds in small, gradual steps.
Punctuated Equilibrium	Rapid spurts of genetic change alternating with long periods when the species exhibit little or no change.
Coevolution	The evolution of one species affects the evolution of another species because they have a close relationship with each other.
Convergent Evolution	Unrelated species evolve similar traits even though they live in different parts of the world. Occurs in environments that are geographically far apart, but have similar ecology and climate.
Behavioral Isolation	When two populations become isolated by differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors. The populations may live in the same area, but do not breed with each other.

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