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Botany Bootcamp USC
| Term | Definition | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Entire | Not toothed, notched, or divided, at the continuous margins of some leaves. | |
| Crenate | with rounded teeth around the margin | |
| Serrate | sharply toothed along the margin pointing forward | |
| Dentate | toothed along the margin facing outward | |
| Undulate | Wavy, but not so deeply or as pronounced as sinuate | |
| Stipule | One of a pair of leaf-like appendages found at the base of the petiole in some leaves. | Many in the rose family. Might fall off. Peas have large stipules. |
| Estipulate | without stipules. | |
| Acuminate (base or apex) | gradually tapering to a sharp point and forming concave sides along the tip. | |
| Acute (base or apex) | tapering to a point with more or less straight sides. | |
| Obtuse (base or apex) | blunt or rounded, sides coming together at greater than 90 degrees. | |
| Asymmetrical base | irregular in shape, as in some leaves. | |
| Hastate base | arrowhead shaped with basal lobes turned outward. | mostly aquatic plants |
| Sagittate base | arrowhead shaped with basal lobes turned downward. | mostly aquatic plants |
| Truncate base | squared off at the end as if cut off / no pointed lobe. | |
| Peltate | the leaf is attached to the lower surface rather than the base or the margin. | pennywort, water shield leaf |
| Adaxial | the side toward the axis ( the top of the leaf) | |
| Abaxial | the side away from the axis (the back of the leaf) | |
| Apex | the tip; the point furthest away from the attachment. | |
| Base | the end of the leaf blade nearest to the point of attachment. | |
| Gland | A structure which secretes sticky or oily substances, scents. | |
| Indument, Indumentum | The epidermal coverings of a plant. | |
| Pubescent | covered with short, soft hairs | |
| Prickle | a small sharp outgrowth of the epidermis or bark. | blackberries have prickles |
| Trichome | a hair or hair-like outgrowth of the epidermis. | |
| Glabrous | smooth, hairless. | |
| Villus, Villous | a soft shaggy hair, bearing long soft shaggy hairs. | |
| Tomentose | a tangling of short, matted, or tangled soft wooly hairs. | |
| Strigose | with stiff strait hairs that are appressed. | |
| Scabrous | scratchy or rough due to short stiff hairs. | |
| Appressed | pressed close or flat against the organ. | |
| Spreading | extending to the horizontal - ex hairs that stick straight out. | |
| Retrorse | directed downward or backward. | |
| Antrorse | directed forward or upward. | |
| Clasping leaf base | the leaf base wholly or partly surrounds the stem | |
| Perfoliate | A leaf with the margins entirely surrounding the stem, so the stem appears to pass through the leaf. | |
| Sheathing leaf base | The leaf base of the grass encases the stem. | grasses have a slit from one node to the next. |
| Parallel venation | With the main veins parallel to the leaf axis or to each other | spiderwort ex. |
| Pedicel | the stalk of a single flower in an inflorescence, or of a grass spikelet. | |
| Sepal | A segment of the calyx | |
| Calyx | the outer part of the perianth whorl / the sepals collectively. | |
| Corolla | the inner perianth whorl / the collective name for all of the petals of a flower. | |
| Petaloid | petal like in appearance - often true with sepals | |
| Androecium | All of the stamens in a flower collectively | |
| Gynoecium | All of the carpels or pistils of a flower. | |
| Bulb | An underground bud with thickened fleshy scales, as in the onion. | |
| Tuber | The thickened portion of a rhizome bearing nodes and buds; underground stem modified for food storage. | potato |
| Corm | A short, solid, vertical underground stem with thin papery leaves. | gladiolus |
| Taproot | The main root axis. Most dicots have them. Stores water and nutrients | yam |
| Petiole | A leaf stalk | |
| Simple leaf | Undivided, as in a leaf blade that is not divided in to leaflets. | |
| Petiolule | The stalk of a leaflet of a compound leaf. | |
| Bundle Scar | Scar left on a twig by the vascular bundles when the leaf falls. | |
| Node | The position on the stem where leaves or branches originate | |
| Internode | The portion of the stem between two nodes. | |
| Primary root | First root when seed sprouts | |
| Primocane | The first year, flowerless cane of Rubus | |
| Floricane | The second-year flowering and fruiting cane of Rubus | |
| Adventitious Root | Roots developing in an unusual position, like roots forming on a stem. | African Violets / Orchids |
| Alternate | Borne singly at each node | |
| Opposite | Borne across from each other at each node, two leaves per node. | |
| Whorled | three or more leaves arising from a node. | |
| Stolon | a long horizontal stem rooting at the nodes, runner | strawberry |
| Sinistrorse | leaves spiraling to the left up the stem. | |
| Dextrorse | leaves spiraling to the right up the stem. | |
| Axillary Bud | a bud located in an axil at the base of a leaf. | |
| Lanceolate leaf | much longer than wide with the widest part below the middle. | |
| Oblanciolate leaf | inversely lanceolate with the widest part above the middle. | |
| Obovate leaf | Egg shaped with the attachment at the narrow end. | |
| Ovate leaf | Egg shaped with the attachment at the wider end. | |
| Elliptic leaf | Narrow oval | |
| Oblong leaf | two to four times longer than broad, with almost parallel sides. | |
| Cordate leaf | heart shaped, notch at base | |
| Obcordate leaf | heart shaped, notch at tip | |
| Linear leaf | resembling a line long and narrow with parallel sides | |
| Rotund leaf | round in outline | |
| Pinnately compound | A compound leaf with leaflets arranges on opposite sides. Resembling a feather. | |
| Bipinnately compound | Twice pinnate; with the divisions again pinnately divided. | |
| Receptacle | The portion of the pedicel upon which the flower parts are borne. | |
| Superior | Attached above, as an ovary that is attached above the point of attachment of the other floral whorls. | |
| Hypogynous | Stamens, petals, and sepals attached below the ovary. | |
| Inferior | Attached beneath, as an ovary that is attached beneath the point of attachment of the other floral whorls. | |
| Epigynous | Stamens, petals, and sepals attached above the ovary. | |
| Scape | A leafless peduncle arising from ground level in acaulescent plants. | garlic |
| Tepals | When sepals look exactly like the petals, together they are called tepals. | |
| Perianth | The calyx and corolla of the flower, collectively. | |
| Hypanthium | A cup shaped extension of the floral axis created by the union of the basal parts of the calyx, corolla, and androecium. | |
| Pistil | The female reproductive organ - the stigma, style, and ovary. | |
| Stamen | The male reproductive organ of a flower- anther and filament. | |
| Stigma | The part of the pistil that is receptive to pollen. | |
| Style | Part of the pistil that connects the stigma to the ovary. | |
| Filament | The stalk of the stamen that supports the anther. | |
| Anther | The pollen bearing portion of the stamen. | |
| Proximal | Toward the base, as in the oldest flowers are at this end. | |
| Distal | Toward the tip, as in the newest flowers are at this end. | |
| Bract | A leaf-like structure at the base of a flower or inflorescence. One of the main structures rising from a cone axis. | |
| Carpel | a simple pistil | |
| Compound ovary (ovulary) | An ovary of 2 or more carpels | |
| Sporangium / sporangia | a spore bearing case or sac | |
| Sorus pl. sori | A cluster of sporangia on the surface of a fern leaf. | |
| Indusium pl indusia | A thin epidermal outgrowth of a fern that covers the sorus. | |
| Regular Symmetry | more than one line of symmetry. Radial. | |
| Irregular Symmetry | one line of symmetry. Bilateral. | |
| Complete flower | A flower with all the parts. | |
| Zygomorphic | Bilaterally symmetric, as in the flower of an iris. | |
| Incomplete flower | A flower missing one or more of the parts | |
| Raceme | An unbranched, elongated inflorescence with pedicellate flowers maturing from the bottom upwards. | larkspur |
| Racemose | Having flowers in racemes. Indeterminate. | |
| Actinomorphic | Radially symmetric, as in an aster flower. | |
| Essential | The reproductive parts of the flower but not the perianth. | |
| Perfect flower | A flower with all of the reproductive | |
| Peduncle | The stalk of a solitary flower or an infloresence. | |
| Acaulescent. | without a stem, as in a plant with only basal leaves. | |
| Monoecious | flowers imperfect. with staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant. | squash |
| Diecious | flowers imperfect. with staminate and pistillate flowers on different plants. | yaupon holly, native persimmon |
| Inflorescence | The flower cluster or arrangement on axis | |
| Terminal Bud | The bud at the tip or the apex | |
| Spike | An unbranched inflorescence with sessile flowers. Racemose. Oldest flowers on the bottom. | annual celosia |
| Sessile | Attached directly, without a petiole or pedicel. | |
| Head | A dense, flat cluster of sessile flowers. Racemose. Oldest flowers on the inside. | chrysanthemum, sunflower family |
| Umbel | inflorescence with pedicels arising from a common point, like an umbrella. Raceme. | carrot |
| Cymose | with flowers in a cyme | |
| Cyme | a determinate inflorescence in which the terminal bud blooms first. | |
| Scorpioid cyme | coiled cyme, flowers growing along one side of the axis | heliotrope, forget-me-not |
| Fruit | A ripened ovary and any other structures which are attached and ripen with it. | |
| Pericarp | The wall of the fruit made up of three parts. | |
| Indehiscent | Not opening at maturity along definite lines or by pores. | |
| Dehiscent | Opening at maturity along definite lines or by pores. | |
| Achene | A small dry indehiscent fruit with a seed that is loose inside. | sunflowers |
| Grain | A small dry indehiscent fruit with a seed that is fused to the fruit. | |
| Follicle | A dry dehiscent fruit composed of a single carpel and opening along only one side. | Larkspur. Magnolia in aggregate. |
| Legume | A dry dehiscent fruit composed of a single carpel and opening along two sides. | |
| Capsule | A dry dehiscent fruit composed of a single carpel and opening along three or more sides. | Okra |
| Drupe | A fleshy indehiscent fruit with a stony endocarp surrounding a single seed. | Cherry, Avocado |
| Berry | A fleshy fruit developing from a single pistil with several or many seeds. | Citrus, tomato, watermelon, blueberry. |
| Pome | A fleshy indehiscent fruit derived from an inferior compound ovary. the core is surrounded by a modified floral tube. | Apple |
| exocarp | outside wall of the fruit | |
| mesocarp | middle of the fruit | |
| endocarp | the inside of the fruit that is next to the seed. |
Created by:
yellowboxdriver
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