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Ch 6: Earthquakes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| stress | a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume |
| tension | the stress force that pulls on the crust, stretching the rock to become thinner in the middle |
| compression | the stress force that squeeze rock until it folds or breaks |
| shearing | the stress force that pushes rock in opposite directions |
| fault | created when rock is stressed and breaks or forms a crack in the crust |
| normal fault | a fault created when tension pulls the earth's crust apart |
| reverse fault | a fault created when compression pushes rock together |
| strike-slip fault | a fault created when shearing forces rock in opposite directions |
| p wave | seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground like an accordian |
| s wave | seismic wave that vibrates side to side and up/down shaking the ground back and forth |
| surface waves | seismic wave when P and S waves reach the surface and produce severe ground movements |
| Richter scale | a rating of an earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves |
| magnitude | a number assigned to an earthquake based on its size |
| focus | location of the earthquake inside earth's crust |
| epicenter | location of the earthquake on earth's surface above the focus |
| seismograph | a device used to detect and measure movements in the earth's plates |
| seismogram | the pattern of lines generated by the seismograph as the earth's plates move |
| aftershock | an earthquake that occurs after a large earthquake in the same area |
| tsunami | a large wave formed by the displaced water from an earthquake |
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