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BIO 101 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the requirements of living organisms? | water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure |
| What are the credentials for making scientific claims? | 1. Credentials 2. Bias or Agenda 3. Peer Review and Publication 4. Real Science or Pseudoscience |
| What is primary literature? | first publication of scientific research that contains actual data with controls Example: Journal |
| What is secondary literature? | Interprets and analyzes primary sources. Must have a citation and basic overview of the topic. Examples: Textbooks, magazine/journal articles. |
| What is social media? | Not a good source of scientific information due to the lack of credentials and a lack of peer review by scientists Examples: Snapchat, Facebook |
| What is causation? | One variable causes the the change in the second variable |
| What is correlation? | Two or more aspects of the natural world behave in an interrelated manner |
| What elements are found in living organisms that are rare in non-living things? | Carbon |
| What are the four major biomolecules? | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| what makes up carbohydrates and their function? | -Made up of monosaccharides by covalent bonds -Storing short-term and intermediate term energy |
| what makes up lipids and their function? | -made up of fatty acids -Long term energy storage |
| what makes up nucleic acids and their function? | -Made up of nucleotides -Storing genetic information |
| what makes up proteins and their function? | - Made up of amino acids that are held by polypeptide bonds - Storage, structure, transport, catalysis |
| What is pH and why is it important? | -pH is the measurement of how acidic or basic a substance is. -pH is important because our bodies need to stay at a neutral pH of about 7. |
| The difference between the 2 phs | A pH is considered an acid. Acids donate H+ ions to their surroundings A pH of 7 is considered neutral A pH of 8-14 is considered a base. Bases accept H+ ions from their surroundings |
| What is the smallest unit of life? | A cell |
| Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic | -Eukaryotic cells have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles. -Prokaryotic cells (BACTERIA) are unorganized and do not have a nucleus |
| What are enzymes? | Proteins that run your life |
| What are metabolic pathways? | chain of linked reactions, one reaction after another |
| What is the most abundant energy-carrying molecule? | ATP |
| What is photosynthesis? Where does it take place? | the process plants and producers use the presence of sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to synthesize their food. It happens in chloroplasts; chlorophyll |
| What is cellular respiration? Where does it take place? | the process by which cells convert nutrients, primarily glucose into energy Takes place inside the cytoplasm |
| What is the purpose of cell division? | growth, repair, reproduction of the cells |
| Difference between mitosis and meiosis | -Mitosis: Growth and Repair of Eukaryotic cells, diploids(two identical) -Meiosis: Sexual reproduction, haploids(four genetically different) |
| What are homologous chromosomes? | chromosomes that are similar in their size, shape, and gene content |
| What is different about sex-linked traits? | They are carried on the X chromosome |
| What is a pedigree? | a chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait |
| What is evolution? | change over time; change in allele frequencies over time |
| What is Darwin's 2 points on evolution? | 1. Species have descended from the ancestral forms 2. They have been modified to suit their environment |
| What are the 4 things that cause evolution? | Mutation, Gene flow, Genetics Drift, Natural Selection |
| What is a species? | A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring. |
| What causes speciation? | reproductive isolation |
| What does binominal nomenclature consist of? Why is it important? | -Consist of Genes of species -Important because it allows people to accurately identify individual species |
| artificial selection vs natural selection | AS- humans breed for certain traits NS- inherited beneficial adaptations |
| Why do we study populations? | To better understand the organism and its surroundings |
| How do we study communities? | Species Abundance- How common one species is relative to another Species Richness- Total number of species living in a community |
| What is a keystone species? | -One that has a disproportionate effect on its environment relative to its abundance -Organism is controlling the community |
| What is net primary productivity and what are the requirements for producers to support life? | -Amount of new growth that producers can generate in a unit per year - Requirements: Sunlight, water, temperature, availability of nutrients |
| What is eutrophication? What does it do to a system? Where can you find eutrophic water? | 1. An introduction of extra nutrients into a system and changes the quality of the environment 2. Algal blooms and dead zones 3. Close to where people live |
| What is biomagnification? Who does it affect the most? | 1. An induction of chemicals/toxins into the system that accumulate in the fatty tissues of organisms and magnify as you move through the food chain 2. They affect the Quaternary Consumers |
| What are biomes? Name characteristics of major biomes | 1. Biomes are similar ecosystems characterized by similar climatic conditions 2. Tundra, Deserts, Aquatic, Grassland, Forest |
| What are organisms mostly influenced by? | The Climate |
| What is the connection between climate change and global warming? | Global warming is included in the climate change process |
| Living in a sustainable way refers to | using resources in a way that does not deprive future generations, Ecological Footprint |
| What is the order of the hierarchy of life? | matter, elements, atoms, molecules, cells, individuals (species), population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere |
| What is matter? | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| What is an element? | A pure substance that has distinct properties and cannot be broken down |
| What is an atom? | Smallest particle of an element |
| What is a molecule? | A group of atoms bonded together |
| What is a cell? | smallest unit of life |
| What is an individual(species)? | A group of individuals that can breed with each other and produce fertile offspring |
| What is a population? | Similar ecosystems characterized by similar climatic conditions |
| What is a community? | Population of different species that live together and interact with each other |
| What is an ecosystem? | community and its nonliving surroundings |
| What is a biome? | Similar ecosystems characterized by similar climatic condtions |
| What is a biosphere? | All the ecosystems on Earth |
| What is biology? | The study of life |
| What are the steps of the scientific method? | observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, analysis, conclusion |
| What is an independent variable? | variable that is manipulated |
| What is a dependent variable? | Any variable that responds, or potentially responds, to changes in the independent variable |
| What is the control variable? | the variable that stays the same throughout the experiment |
| What are the 2 important requirements of a hypothesis? | Testable Falsifiable (no is a valid answer) |
| Can you prove a hypothesis to be true? | No, can only support it |
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liahmoriarty
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