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Gen. Science Mod. 6

Foundations of Geology

TermDefinition
catastrophism the view that most of earth's geological features are the result of large-scale catastrophes such as floods, volcanic eruptions, etc.
uniformitarianism the view that most of earth's geological features are the result of slow, gradual processes that have been at work for millions or even billions of years
humus the decayed remains of once-living creatures
sedimentary rock that is formed from sediments which are laid down by water or some other agent and fuse together due to heat, pressure, and various chemical reactions
sediments sand, silt, and other components of soil
igneous rock that forms from molten rock (magma, lava from volcanoes)
metamorphic rock that has undergone extreme change due to lots of heat and pressure
minerals inorganic crystalline substances found naturally in the earth
inorganic did not come from a living being
crystalline having a very sharp, geometric shape
strata layers
lamination a single layer of rock that is less than 1 centimeter (0.39 inches) thick
laminae several lamination layers formed right next to each other
weathering the process by which rocks are broken down by the forces of nature
erosion the process by which sediments and rock fragments are carried away by wind or rain
groundwater water that flows underground
cavern open space underground where groundwater has eroded the rock
stalactite an icicle-like structure hanging down from the ceiling of a cavern formed by groundwater dripping and leaving sediment on the ceiling
stalagmite a structure rising from the ground of a cavern formed by groundwater dripping and leaving sediment on the ground where it dripped
column Formed when a stalagmite and stalactite meet
unconformity a surface of erosion that separates one layer of rock from another
angular unconformity layers below are tilted
nonconformity When sedimentary rock rests on top of igneous or metamorphic rock
disconformity When strata are parallel
paraconformity Uncertain type of disconformity
intrusion Veins of igneous rocks shooting through layers of sedimentary rock
Sills Veins of rock that run in the same direction as the strata
Dikes Veins of rock that run perpendicular to the direction of the strata
Created by: vernahale
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