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Sun-Earth-Moon
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Axis | An imaginary line that goes through the Earth which makes it rotate. |
| Rotation | The action of rotating around an axis or center. |
| Penumbra | A space of partial illumination (as in an eclipse) between the perfect shadow on all sides and the full light. |
| Waning | (of the moon) have a progressively smaller part of its visible surface illuminated, so that it appears to decrease in size. |
| Third Quarter | This phase is just two phases away from the new moon and a new cycle. It appears to be a half moon with the shadow on the right side and the light is shining on the left side. |
| Lunar Eclipse | Lunar eclipses occur at the full moon phase. When Earth is positioned precisely between the Moon and Sun, Earth's shadow falls upon the surface of the Moon, dimming it and sometimes turning the lunar surface a striking red over the course of a few hours. |
| Equinox | Either of the two times each year (as about March 21 and September 23) when the sun crosses the equator and day and night are everywhere on earth of approximately equal length. |
| New Moon | A new Moon occurs when the Moon's orbit falls directly between the Sun and the Earth. There appears to be no Moon in the sky. |
| Gibbous | A certain phase of the moon, when it's bulging outward but isn't quite full |
| Orbit | The curved path around a star, planet, or moon |
| Solar Eclipse | When the Moon comes in between the Sun and the Earth, thereby blocking the sun and preventing any sunlight from reaching us. |
| Solstice | When either of the two moments in the year when the Sun's apparent path is farthest north or south from Earth's Equator |
| Full Moon | A full moon occurs when the Sun is shining directly on the face of the Moon so, on Earth, we can see the whole Moon. |
| Tides | The alternate rising and falling of the sea, usually twice in each lunar day at a particular place, due to the attraction of the moon and sun. |
| Revolution | Revolution is the Earth's journey around the sun. This path isn't a perfect circle but rather an elliptical orbit, and it takes about 365.25 days to complete. This revolution is the reason we have seasons. |
| Umbra | A region of complete shadow resulting from total obstruction of light. |
| Waxing | Any phase of the moon during the lunar cycle between the new moon and the full moon. A moon that is waxing is one that is getting larger each night. |
| First Quarter | It is when the right half of the moon is illuminated by the sun and the shadow is on the left side. |
| Ellipse | The flattened shape of the Earth's orbit. |
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