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Science Final (ALL)
8th GRADE SCIENCE FINAL 2024 TERMS ENTIRELY TOGETHER
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atmosphere | the mixture of gasses surrounding a planet |
| biosphere | all the living things on a planet |
| channel | a long, narrow groove that forms where water, lava, or other liquid flows |
| geologic process | an event or series of events that causes changes in the geosphere, such as flowing water or flowing lava |
| geosphere | the solid part of a rocky planet |
| hydrosphere | all the liquid water and solid water (ice) on a planet |
| system | a set of interacting parts forming a complex whole |
| landform | a feature that forms on the surface of a planet, such as a mountain, channel, or sand dune |
| continent | any of Earth’s main continuous areas of land, such as Africa, Asia, and North America convergent |
| divergent | moving apart in different directions |
| eruption | the sudden pushing out of something, such as lava from a volcano |
| lava | hot liquid rock on the surface of Earth |
| magma | hot liquid rock below the surface of Earth |
| mantle | the layer of soft, solid rock underneath Earth’s plates |
| mid-ocean ridge | an underwater mountain range formed when two plates move apart |
| plate | one of the very large sections of hard, solid rock that make up Earth’s outer layer |
| plate boundary | the place where two plates meet |
| trench | a long, deep indentation in the ocean floor formed when two plates move together |
| cementation | the process of sediment being glued together |
| compaction | the process of sediment being buried and pressed together |
| cross section | a diagram that shows what the inside of something looks like |
| energy | the ability to make things move or change |
| erosion | the movement of sediment from one place to another, often caused by wind or flowing water |
| igneous rock | the rock type formed when magma cools and becomes solid |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| metamorphic rock | the rock type formed when heat or pressure deep underground changes existing rock |
| rock formation | a region of rock that formed together as a single rock type |
| sediment | small pieces of rock |
| sedimentary rock | the rock type formed when sediment is pressed and glued together |
| subduction | the process by which rock material moves under Earth's outer layer and into the mantle due to plate motion |
| uplift | the process by which all the rock formations of a region are pushed up due to plate motion |
| weathering | the process of rock breaking down into smaller pieces due to wind or moving water |
| average | a number that summarizes a set of data and that can be computed by adding all the numbers in a list and then dividing by the number of numbers in the list |
| change | when something becomes different over time |
| collision | the moment when two objects hit each other |
| equilibrium | a balanced state in which a system is stable, such as when two or more samples are at the same temperature |
| kinetic energy | the energy that an object has because it is moving |
| molecule | a group of atoms joined together in a particular way |
| stability | when something stays mostly the same over time |
| temperature | a measure of how hot or cold something is |
| thermal energy | the total kinetic energy of all the molecules that make up a sample |
| transfer | to move from one object to another or one place to another |
| adaptive trait | a trait that makes it more likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment |
| distribution | the number of individuals with each trait in a population |
| environment | everything (living and nonliving) that surrounds an organism |
| feature | a characteristic that all members of a species have |
| gene | an instruction for making a protein molecule |
| gene version | a specific form of a gene that provides instructions for making a particular protein molecule |
| generation | a group of individuals born and living at about the same time |
| inherit | to receive genes from a parent |
| mutation | a random change to a gene that sometimes results in a new trait |
| natural selection | the process by which the distribution of traits in a population changes over many generations |
| non-adaptive trait | a trait that makes it less likely that an individual will survive in a specific environment |
| offspring | an organism produced as a result of reproduction |
| organisms | living things, such as plants, animals, and bacteria |
| population | a group of the same type of organism living in the same area |
| predator | an animal that hunts and kills other animals for food |
| protein molecule | a type of large molecule that performs important functions inside organisms |
| selection pressure | something in the environment that affects an individual's chances of surviving |
| trait | a specific characteristic of an individual organism |
| variation | any difference in traits between individual organisms |
| Convergent | moving toward the same place |
Created by:
EKrue
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