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Nutrition- vITAMINS
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Water soluble vitamins | B vitamins and vitamin c. absorbed into blood stream |
| Vitamin A fuctions | vision, cell development, healthy, immunity |
| Preformed(active) VA food sources | liver, milk, egg yolks |
| carotenoids food sources | yellow/orange fruits and veggies |
| retinal | VA active. aldehyde form. needed for vision |
| retionic acid | Va active. acid form. regulates cell growth and immunity |
| carotenoids | Not biologically active until converted to a retinoid. can be stored |
| vitamin A deficiency | Night Blindness(leads to xerophthalmia and full blindess), Infertility(fetus), hyperkeratosis |
| vitamin a toxicity | Supplement use, can be fatal, birth defects at 3x RDA |
| vitamin d fuctions | Regulates blood Ca lvls, increases absoprtion of Ca, protect against cancer and MS |
| vitamin d food sources | fortified milk and cereals, red meat, salmon, sardines and mushrooms |
| vitamin d deficiency | rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis |
| vitamin d toxicity | Hypercalcemia, arrhythmia, kidney damage, coma |
| vitamin e fuctions | Antioxidant, protects cell membranes, body lipids and vitamin A. destroyed by heating and oxidation |
| vitamin e sources | Nuts, seeds, wheat, sweet potatoes, oils |
| vitamin e deficiency | Hemolysis(reputure of RBC) in premature infants; eye and spinal cord problems in adults |
| vitamin e toxicity | Very rare. May interfere with blood clotting action of Vitamin K |
| vitamin K fuctions | K1 is needed for blood clotting, K2 for bone and cardio health |
| vitamin k sources | Dark green veggies, liver, egg yolks, salmon |
| vitamin K deficiency | Increase risk of hemorrhage; single dose to newborn to prevent deficiency |
| vitamin b12 | Can be stored in body, secreted into bile |
| Thiamin (B1) functions | Coenzyme in energy metabolism, helps synthesize neurotransmitters |
| Thaimin (b1) food sources | whole and enriched grains, pork, legumes, nuts and liver |
| Thiamin(b1) deficiency | wet brain; beriberi |
| Riboflavin (B2) fuctions and sources | FAD, support antioxidants. In cheese, liver, almonds, whole grains and eggs |
| Riboflavin (B2) deficiency | Glossitis(inflammed tongue), cheilosis(cracking at corners of mouth and inflammation of lips) |
| Niacin (B3) fuctions and sources | NAD, supports fatty acid synthesis. In whole and enriched grains, red meat, poultry, fish, nuts and peanuts |
| Niacin(B3) deficiency | pellagra: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death(4 D's) |
| Niacin (B3) Toxicity | high does used to treat high blood cholesterol. Skin flushing and liver damage |
| Vitamin B 6 fuctions and sources | CoE in proteion and AA metabolism. Supports immune system and needed for RBC synthesis. In red meat, fish, poultry, liver, potatoes, bannanas and sunflower seeds. |
| Vitamin B6 deficiency | Form of anemia; alcohol interferes with b6 metabolism |
| Vitamin B6 toxicity | Can cause nerve damage (MS-like symptoms) |
| Folate/ folic acid (B9) fuctions and sources | CoE in DNA synthesis and cell divison. Needed for RBC synthesis. In green leafy veggies, orange juice, legumes, sun seeds, fortified cereals, enriched grains |
| Folate (B9) defiency | Megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects |
| Folate (B9) Toxicity | masks B12 deficiency |
| vitamin b12 fuctions and sources | DNA and rbc synthesis; maintains myelin sheath around nerve cells. In meats, liver milk and eggs |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency | Pernicious anemia and nerve damage |
| Pantothenic Acid (B5) | part of CoA, widespread in foods deficiency and toxicity is rare |
| Biotin (B7) | gluconeogenesis, fatty acid and DNA synthesis. In cauli, liver, peanuts, cheese. Deficiency and toxicity are rare |
| Vitamin C fuctions | Antioxidant(w/ e), collagen synthesis, lymphocyte fuction, increases absoprtion of iron, inhibits ction of tannis, phytates, oxalates |
| Vitamin C toxicity | GI distress, can induce hemochromatosis |
Created by:
Corncakers
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