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ch 12 bio review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of ecology? | the study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environment. |
| Distinguish between the different levels of ecology – and review examples of each. | Discovery approach - making verifiable observations Hypothesis driven - conducted in field or lab |
| What is environmentalism? | a broad philosophy and social movement that seeks to maintain environmental quality. |
| Review the goods and services provided by ecosystems. Which have market value? | Timber, water treatment /filtration in wetlands, dune grasses and erosion control, recreational activities (hunting, fishing, hiking) all have market value. |
| What is animal ethics? | Intrinsic value- animal has its own right to exist |
| Review the goods and services provided by ecosystems. Which do NOT have market value? | preservation of native cultural values, scientific research of environmental, environmental education programs |
| Where do most ecosystems (terrestrial and aquatic) obtain their energy? | From sunlight |
| Why is the cycling of carbon dioxide important to ecosystems? How does it enter this ecosystem? | through plants via photosynthesis |
| What are the two most important inorganic nutrients? | nitrogen and phosphorus |
| What is the difference between a biotic and abiotic factor? | biotic factors are living and abiotic factors are an ecosystems nonliving components |
| population density | the number of members of a species per unit area or volume of the habitat |
| Which type of survivorship curve do humans exhibit? | Humans exhibit type I survivorship curve |
| Under what conditions would an organism exhibit an exponential growth pattern? | if there are unlimited resources |
| dispersion patterns | how individuals are spaced within a habitat (clumped, uniformed, or random) |
| survivorship | is the chance that an individual member of a given population will live to a particular age |
| carrying capacity | the maximum population size that can survive in an environment |
| logistic growth | where the size of a population grows rapidly until it nears its carrying capacity for that environment. includes limiting factors |
| density dependent factors | limiting factors whose influence is affected by population density (competition, predation, disease) |
| density independent factors | unrelated to population density. Weather, environmental disturbance (drought or wildfire). |
| Species richness | the number of different species in a community. high species richness = community with many different species |
| relative abundance | the fraction of the total life in a community accounted for by each species. |
| what is a keystone species? | a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance. |
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