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Protein Synthesis

TermDefinition
DNA A nucleic acid that serves as the ultimate source of genetic material. This molecule consists of 2 strands, deoxyribose sugar, and thymine.
Nucleotide A building block molecule for DNA and RNA.
mRNA A nucleic acid that carries the message from the DNA to the ribosomes where proteins are assembled.
tRNA A nucleic acid that brings the amino acids to the ribosomes based on the codon information.
rRNA A nucleic acid that combines with proteins to form the ribosome.
Double helix A twisted ladder shape that consists of two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other. Used to describe the structure of DNA, not RNA.
Watson and Crick Used Chargoff's data and a picture taken by Rosalind Franklin to determine the structure of DNA in 1953.
Semiconservative Replication The accepted model of DNA replication. Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one new strand.
DNA Polymerase An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the new DNA following the base pairing rule.
Central Dogma DNA codes for RNA, which guides the synthesis of proteins.
RNA A nucleic acid that contains a single strand of nucleotides, the sugar ribose, and uracil instead of thymine.
Transcription The DNA code is used to make an mRNA copy. This process occurs inside the nucleus.
RNA Polymerase An enzyme that regulates the synthesis of mRNA.
Codon The three-base code located on the mRNA. This sequence IS used to determine the amino acid.
Translation A process that uses the mRNA strand to make a protein. This occurs at ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Anticodon A three-base sequence on the tRNA that is complimentary to the codon on mRNA. This sequence is NOT used to determine the amino acid.
Mutation An error that occurs in the DNA.
Mutagens Environmental factors, such as radiation and certain chemicals that cause mutations.
Point mutation One base is exchanged for another. This type of mutation is also referred to as a substitution.
Insertion mutation Additions of a nucleotide to the DNA sequence.
Deletion mutation A loss of a nucleotide within the DNA sequence.
Frameshift mutation Mutations that change the multiples of three bases from the point of the insertion or deletion.
Created by: user-1733795
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