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DNA and RNA
Term | Definition |
---|---|
DNA | A nucleic acid that serves as the ultimate source of genetic material. This molecule consists of 2 strands, deoxyribose sugar, and thymine. |
Nucleotide | A building block molecule for DNA and RNA. |
mRNA | A nucleic acid that carries the message from the DNA to the ribosomes where proteins are assembled. |
tRNA | A nucleic acid that brings the amino acids to the ribosomes based on the codon information. |
rRNA | A nucleic acid that combines with proteins to form the ribosome. |
Double helix | A twisted ladder shape that consists of two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other. Used to describe the structure of DNA, not RNA. |
Watson and Crick | Used Chargoff's data and a picture taken by Rosalind Franklin to determine the structure of DNA in 1953. |
Semiconservative Replication | The accepted model of DNA replication. Each new DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one new strand. |
DNA Polymerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the new DNA following the base pairing rule. |
Central Dogma | DNA codes for RNA, which guides the synthesis of proteins. |
RNA | A nucleic acid that contains a single strand of nucleotides, the sugar ribose, and uracil instead of thymine. |
Transcription | The DNA code is used to make an mRNA copy. This process occurs inside the nucleus. |
RNA Polymerase | An enzyme that regulates the synthesis of mRNA. |
Codon | The three-base code located on the mRNA. This sequence IS used to determine the amino acid. |
Translation | A process that uses the mRNA strand to make a protein. This occurs at ribosomes in the cytoplasm. |
Anticodon | A three-base sequence on the tRNA that is complimentary to the codon on mRNA. This sequence is NOT used to determine the amino acid. |
Mutation | An error that occurs in the DNA. |
Mutagens | Environmental factors, such as radiation and certain chemicals that cause mutations. |