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Marine BioFinal Exam
Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What percent of the surface of the Earth is covered by water? | 70% |
| What percent of the water on Earth is saltwater? | 97% |
| What is the largest ocean? | Pacific Ocean |
| What is the saltiest water in the world? | Dead Sea |
| What percent of the freshwater in the world is frozen in ice caps and glaciers? | 2% |
| What is the average depth of the ocean? | 2 miles |
| What is the world's largest fish? | Whale shark |
| What is the property of water where air and water meet? | surface tension |
| What property of water moderates temperature fluctuations? | heat capacity |
| What is the total amount of substances dissolved in water? | Salinity |
| What is the method most commonly used to determine salinity? | density or specific gravity |
| What is the distance between one wave crest and the next? | wavelength |
| What is the effect of the Earth's rotation on any mass moving across its surface? | Coriolis effect |
| At what depths is there little or no light from the sun? | 100-200m |
| How many oceans are found in the world? | four |
| What are the constituents of the ocean? | Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, and Calcium |
| Which of the following is the smallest type of wave? | capillary |
| What factors influence waves? | wind speed, fetch, duration |
| What is plankton? | Organisms that live their entire life span within the water column. |
| What is the ultimate source of energy? | sun |
| What is another name for heterotroph? | Consumer |
| What are examples of autotrophs? | phytoplankton, seaweed, algae |
| What are phytoplankton? | Photosynthetic organisms |
| What are zooplankton? | Consumers |
| Are all plankton microscopic? | no |
| What do some small larval stages of many invertebrates called? | zooplankton |
| What causes red tides? | algae bloom |
| What is the only group not included in the oceanic nekton? | amphibians |
| What are the adaptations to live in the ocean nekton? | camoflauge, speed, increased movement |
| What environmental conditions are important to ocean nekton? | clarity of water, lack of shelter, absence of physical boundaries |
| What are the camoflauge mechanisms of the ocean nekton? | alteration of body shape, transparency, countershading |
| How do marine birds or mammals maintain body heat? | have a thick layer of body fat, having a large body size, veins returning from extremities |
| Whare are the adaptations of the deep sea? | many are bioluminescent, males are sometimes parasitically attached to females, disproportionately large mouths and teeth that curve backwards |
| What are the characteristics of the deep sea? | cold, dark, high pressure |
| Whatare the challenges of deep sea life? | sight, finding a mate, finding a food |
| What are photophores? | light producing cells |
| What levels must be zero before fish can be acclimated into your tank? | nitrite, ammonia |
| What is a correct salinity reading for your aquarium? | 1.021 |
| Which are factors that should be taken into consideration when purchasing livestock? | ease of care, aggressiveness, compatibility |
| What is the most important part of maintaining a marine aquarium? | nutrient levels |
| What is the correct pH for your aquarium? | 8.2 |
| What are the three branches of oceanography? | Biological, chemical, Geological and Physical, |
| What is bathymetry? | Measurement of the changing depth of the seafloor |
| What is the ideal temperature for your marine aquarium? | 80 |
| The shallow, underwater extension of the continent. | continental shelf |
| What are two types of photosynthetic organisms? | diatoms and dinoflagellates |
| Which type of organism is a predominant constituent of the meroplankton? | larval forms of benthic invertebrates |
| What mechanisms affect sinking rate of plankton? | ncreased buoyancy due to the use of gas-filled floats,an organism’s increased surface area due to flattening of its body and an organism’s increases water resistance due to spines and other projections |
| What are plankton? | They are any plants and animals that drift with the currents of the ocean. |
| What type of plankton is algae? | phytoplankton |
| What limits the growth of phytoplankton? | The amount of nutrients in the water. |
| What are adaptations of plankton? | secreting oils for bouyancy, spiny extensions, and transparency |
| What is meroplankton? | Organisms that spend part of their lives as plankton |
| What is holoplankton? | Organisms that spend their whole lives as plankton |
| What is an example of holoplankton? | jellyfish |
| In what zones of the ocean are plankton found? | pelagic and photic |
| What is holoepipelagic? | Organisms that spend their whole lives living in the epipelagic |
| What is oceanodramous? | Organisms that migrate to shallow ocean waters to spawn. |
| What is an anandromous fish? | salmon |
| What is an oceanodramous animal? | dolphin |
| What is nekton? | open ocean |
| What is viviparity? | Organisms that have embryos that develop within the placenta inside the mother. |
| What is oviparity? | When ogranisms lay eggs that are hatched outside the mother |
| What is another name for the sunlight zone? | photic zone |
| What is another name for the twilight zone? | euphotic zone |
| What zone are the midnight zone, abyssal zone, and the hadal zone within? | aphotic zone |
| Which layer is the deepest zone of the ocean? | abyssal plain |
| What is the very first task that you do when setting up a saltwater aquarium? | rinse everything with freshwater |
| To what phylum do anemones belong? | cnidaria |
| To what phylum do sponges belong? | porifera |
| What is the large opening called in which water is released from sponges? | osculum |
| What structure do Molluscs use to scrap food off of rocks for food? | radula |
| What type of skeleton do arthropods have? | exoskeleton |
| What life stage is shown in jellyfish? | medusa |
| What is the only class within cnidarians that don’t have stinging cells? | ctenophora |
| What is the most intelligent class of all of the mollusks? | cephalopoda |
| What type of symmetry do porifera have? | assymetrical |
| What is the common name for porifera? | sponges |
| What type of system do echinoderms have that enable them to move AND eat? | water vascular system |
| What is the covering that protects the gills of bony fishes? | operculum |
| Which of the following phyla does not have any tissues or organs? | porifera |
| What is an example of class Crinoidea? | feather star |
| What is the only class of Chordata NOT found in the ocean? | amphibian |
| Chondrichthyes support system is made of what type of material? | cartilage |
| What are the marine reptiles? | sea snake, marine iguana, saltwater crocodile, and sea turtle |
| What does ovoviviparous mean? | lay egg cases on the beach |
| What species is an example of the class Cetacea? | dolphins and whales |
| Which species are examples of the class Carnivora? | polar bear, sea otter |
| What are the characteristics of the deep sea? | cold, dark, and high pressure |
| What are the challenges of living in the deep sea? | sight, finding a mate, finding a food, protection from predators |
| What class are sea urchins in? | Echinoderm |
Created by:
aandersonbiology
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