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8 Weather & Climate
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| weather | the short term changes in the atmosphere |
| climate | the weather of a specific region averaged over a long period of time |
| greenhouse effect | the way in which heat is trapped close to Earth's surface by “greenhouse gases.” |
| greenhouse gases | gases in the atmosphere that raise the surface temperature of planets such as the Earth |
| condense | change from a gas or vapor to a liquid |
| precipitation | water released from clouds in the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail |
| evaporation | the process that changes liquid water to gaseous water (water vapor) |
| thermal energy | the TOTAL kinetic energy of a substance; measured by temperature |
| density | how close, or compacted the particles are to each other; determines whether objects sink or float in fluids (liquids and gases) |
| convection | the transfer of thermal energy through the movement of particles from one location to another |
| atmosphere | refers to all the air surrounding the Earth |
| hydrosphere | refers to all the solid, liquid, and gas forms of water |
| weather front | a transition zone between two different air masses at the Earth's surface |
| jet streams | currents of air high above Earth |
| low pressure | causes moist air to rise and cool; forms clouds and is related to rainy and windy weather |
| high pressure | causes dry cold air to push down and warm up; forms sunny days |
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