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Biology

Cloning (Section 9)

QuestionAnswer
What is a clone? An individual that is genetically identical to another individual
What is the animal that gives birth to the cloned animal known as? A surrogate
Once an organism has DNA from another species, what do we call that organism? Transgenic
What is the name of the technique used to clone plants? Mircropropagation
What do we initially do to a plant we want to clone? Take explants (small pieces) from the tips of stems and shoots, sterilise them and place them in a petri dish with nutrient medium
Why do we sterilise explants? Do kill any microorganisms
Why is there a nutrient medium in the petri dish when growing explants? To give the explants all the nutrients + growth hormones they need
Where are explants moved from the petri dish? Into soil
Name 2 advantages of mircopropagation 1. It's cheap 2. It's quick
Name 2 disadvantages of micropropagation 1. Trained personnel and sterile lab are required 2. Plants are identical, making them vulnerable to the same diseases
What do we do to an egg cell when animal cloning? Enucleate it (take away its nucleus) and replace it with the nucleus of an adult body cell from the animal we want to clone
How do we make a cell start dividing in animal cloning? Stimulate it with an electric shock
How does a cell divide when animal cloning? By mitosis
Where do we implant the dividing cell when animal cloning Into a surrogate mother
Name 2 benefits of cloning 1. Could preserve endangered species 2. Gives farmers consistently high quality livestock
Name 2 disadvantages of cloning 1. Cloned animals may not be as healthy 2. Reduces gene pool
What does in vitro mean? In a petri dish
What nutrient medium is used in micropropagation? Agar
Created by: JoeMather
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