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Evolution Intro
Notes that begin evolution
Question | Answer |
---|---|
process of descent with modification over time | evolution |
said that evolution was due to natural selection | Charles Darwin |
process where organisms become better suited for their environment | adaptation |
environmental factors determines who survives and reproduces | natural selection |
ability to survive and reproduce | fitness |
one gender (usually females) do the selecting | sexual selection |
humans control the breeding and determine the traits in other species | artificial selection |
separated by time | temporal isolation |
separated by physical barrier | geographical isolation |
genetic drift caused by few individuals leaving to start a new population | founder effect |
genetic drift where a disaster causes the reduction of alleles to only the survivors | bottleneck effect |
all of the alleles in a population | gene pool |
only traits that nature can act on | heritable trait(s) |
traits that environment cannot act on | acquired/learned trait(s) |
male and female reproductive parts do not allow for successful mating | mechanical isolation |
separated based on actions | behavioral isolation |
new species due to be geographically isolated | allopatric speciation |
new species despite being in the same area | sympatric speciation |
the creation of a new species | speciation |
describes a population that is stable and NOT evolving | genetic equilibrium |
having more offspring that can survive | overproduction |
structures with similar structure, but different function | homologous structures |
structures with similar functions, but different structure | analogous structures |
structures that have become reduced due to no longer being used in modern day species | vestigial structures |
the best (most accurate) evidence that species are related or share a common ancestor | DNA and biochemistry |
evolution where a species becomes more different | divergent evolution |
evolution where unrelated species become more similar | convergent evolution |
evolution of 2 species due to a close relationship between them | co-evolution |
most accurate dating of the age of fossils or rock layer using radioactive isotopes | radiometric dating |
less accurate dating of fossils or rocks layer age based on other fossils around it | relative dating |
type of fossil used to estimate the age of other fossils | index fossils |
theory that evolution has long periods of stability with brief period of many extinctions then quiet again | punctuated equilibrium |
theory that the rate of evolution is slow and steady | gradualism |
slow, but gradual loss of a species due to natural selection | background extinction |
they loss of many species in a short period of time due to a world-wide scale disaster (ex. meteor strike) | mass extinction |
succession after a disturbance that leaves no topsoil | primary succession |
succession after a disturbance that has a topsoil in place | secondary succession |
the final stage of succession where the community is stable | climax community |