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Evolution Intro
Notes that begin evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| process of descent with modification over time | evolution |
| said that evolution was due to natural selection | Charles Darwin |
| process where organisms become better suited for their environment | adaptation |
| environmental factors determines who survives and reproduces | natural selection |
| ability to survive and reproduce | fitness |
| one gender (usually females) do the selecting | sexual selection |
| humans control the breeding and determine the traits in other species | artificial selection |
| separated by time | temporal isolation |
| separated by physical barrier | geographical isolation |
| genetic drift caused by few individuals leaving to start a new population | founder effect |
| genetic drift where a disaster causes the reduction of alleles to only the survivors | bottleneck effect |
| all of the alleles in a population | gene pool |
| only traits that nature can act on | heritable trait(s) |
| traits that environment cannot act on | acquired/learned trait(s) |
| male and female reproductive parts do not allow for successful mating | mechanical isolation |
| separated based on actions | behavioral isolation |
| new species due to be geographically isolated | allopatric speciation |
| new species despite being in the same area | sympatric speciation |
| the creation of a new species | speciation |
| describes a population that is stable and NOT evolving | genetic equilibrium |
| having more offspring that can survive | overproduction |
| structures with similar structure, but different function | homologous structures |
| structures with similar functions, but different structure | analogous structures |
| structures that have become reduced due to no longer being used in modern day species | vestigial structures |
| the best (most accurate) evidence that species are related or share a common ancestor | DNA and biochemistry |
| evolution where a species becomes more different | divergent evolution |
| evolution where unrelated species become more similar | convergent evolution |
| evolution of 2 species due to a close relationship between them | co-evolution |
| most accurate dating of the age of fossils or rock layer using radioactive isotopes | radiometric dating |
| less accurate dating of fossils or rocks layer age based on other fossils around it | relative dating |
| type of fossil used to estimate the age of other fossils | index fossils |
| theory that evolution has long periods of stability with brief period of many extinctions then quiet again | punctuated equilibrium |
| theory that the rate of evolution is slow and steady | gradualism |
| slow, but gradual loss of a species due to natural selection | background extinction |
| they loss of many species in a short period of time due to a world-wide scale disaster (ex. meteor strike) | mass extinction |
| succession after a disturbance that leaves no topsoil | primary succession |
| succession after a disturbance that has a topsoil in place | secondary succession |
| the final stage of succession where the community is stable | climax community |