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Foundations 1
First Test - Heather Snell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the 4 Nursing skills? | Cognitive, Technical, Interpersonal, Ethical/Legal |
| Nursing Characteristics? | Specialized education, unique body of knowledge, research, code of ethics, autonomy, service orientation, professional organization |
| Florence Nightengale | use of enviornment, nursing as an art, founder of modern nursing |
| Clara Barton | Started Red Cross |
| Dorothea Dix | Treatment of mentally ill |
| Lillian Wald | Founder of Public Health Nursing |
| Harriet Tubman | Underground railroad, abolitionist |
| Isabel Robb | 1st president of ANA, limited # of hrs |
| Mary Adele Nutting | 1st professor of nursing |
| Lavinia Dock | Womens right's activist |
| Mary Breckenridge | first midwifery schools in US |
| Nurse Practice Act | 1) laws established in each state2) Defines scope of nursing3) Defines terms and activites in nursing4) Establishes education and license criteria |
| Assualt | threat or attempt to make bodily contact |
| battery | assualt that is carried out, actually touching |
| What are 2 forms of defamation? | slander and libel |
| slander | oral defamation of character, "S" for spoken |
| libel | written defamation of character |
| What are some intentional torts? | assualt, battery, libel, slander |
| What are some unintentional torts? | negligence, malpractice, liability, standards of care |
| What are nurses obligated to do when they see abuse? | report it, if you don't that is a crime in itself |
| Types of abuse? | physical, verbal, sexual, neglect, abandonment |
| Safe Harbor | a good faith of an assignment that the nurse feels is unsafe and that may result in a violation of the NPA or board rules |
| Give Safe Harbor law example | 8:1 patient to nurse ratioalso Katrina |
| Peer Review | Evaluation by other nurses, review may be formal or non-formal |
| Whistle Blower | nurse may report another practitioner or facility that has exposed a patient to substantial risk |
| Which program is regulated by state?Medicare/medicaid | Medicaid is regulated by state |
| In 1965 Medicare was established to help which population? | Elderly |
| In 1972 Medicare was increased to include which other population instead of just the elderly? | Disables Workers |
| Besides disabled and elderly, who else qualifies for Medicare? | Those in end stage renal failure |
| Part A medicare pays for what? | Inpatient Hospital costs |
| Part D medicare pays for what? | Medical equipment and Home health |
| Part B medicare pays for what? | Physician visits, medications |
| Who is Medicaid for? | Any age and low income, blind, elderly, women, childern and disabled |
| HMO's? | patient does not have choice of health providers, only from physicians that are associated with HMO |
| 7 Managed Care Types? | HMOPPOprivate insurancegovernment agencies(VA)Veterans administration agencyPublic Health ServicesPublic Health Agencies |
| (HIPA) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability ACT | - patients must know which information will be disclosed-can obtain copy of health record and can be updated as patient pleases-transfer of insurance when job is changed |
| Patient Self Determination Act | -autonomy of patient, can refuse care-patient must be informed |
| Americans with Disabilities ACT | -protects people with AIDS, alcohol, and drug problems-must be reasonably able to accomodate disabled people-covers people with physical/mental impairment |
| Balanced Budget Act | Medicare/Medicaid benfits, reduced the payments that providers received from medicare |
| Under the Nurse Practice Act a nurse must follow? | The Standards of Praactice "ADOPIE" |
| The 3 levels of prevention are? | primary preventive care, secondary preventive care, tertiary preventive care |
| Primary Preventive Care | promotes health and prevention of disease |
| ex of primary preventive care? | diet, excersise, safe sex, seat belts |
| secondary preventive care | focuses on early detection of disease |
| ex of secondary preventive care | screenings, pap smear, testis examination |
| tertiary preventive care | begins once illness is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability |
| ex of tertiary preventive care | surical treatment, job training, physical therapy |
| Levels of Care? | Primary CareSecondary CareTertiary Care |
| Primary Care | Physician Offices, clinics, ambulatory care |
| Secondary Care | Home Health and Hospitals |
| Tertiary Care | Rehab centers, hospice organizations |
| Basic(pure) Research | designed to generate and refine theory, findings often not useful in practice |
| Applied Research | directly influences or improves clinical procedure |
| Experimental Research | Examines cause and effect between variables in controlled conditions |
| Descriptive Research | Explores and desribes events in real life situations |
| Give 3 types of Quantitative Reseach methods | Historical, Ethnography, Phenomenology |
| Negative Correlation | as one variable increases other decreases ↑↓ |
| Positive Correlation | ↑↑ or ↓↓ |
| Patient Right of Informed Consent | patients right to consent knowledgebly to participate in a study |
| 3 Specific Patient Rights in Research | informed consent, confidentiality, the right to be protected from harm |
| Complementary Health Practice | A holistic approach to healthcare, complements western medicice without interfering, yoga, candles, etc... |
| Advantages of screening | simple, cheap, disease specific testing |
| Disadvantages of screening | margin of error |
| Purpose of screening | detect disease in early stages, thus reduce cost of managing disease |
| 3 factors in evaluating screening instruments | reliability, validity, prevalence study |
| In regards to screening, what does reliability mean? | ability to reproduce the same results over and over |
| In regards to screening, what does validity mean? | Give valid results |
| Give an example of prevalence study done in class? | Who in this classroom smokes? |
| In regards to screening, what does incidence mean? | the frequency of new cases during a specific period |
| In regards to screening, what does prevalance mean? | the proportion of existing cases during a specific time |
| Mortality v.s Morbidity | Morbidity is an unhealthy condition. Mortality is the fatal outcome of morbidity (death). |
| Creator of High-Level Wellness Model | Dunn |
| Creator of Agent-Host-Enviornment Triangle Model | Leavell and Clark |
| Creator of Illness-Wellness Continuum | Travis |
| Who thought Wellness is centered around self-responsibility? | Ardell |
| What can you say about Smith and his model of health? | It includes all aspects of Health:clinicalrole performanceadaptiveeudaemonistic |
| Eudaemonistic | capacity fo produce happiness |
| who thought of the asymmetrical dot model? | Greenburg |
| list 5 wellness models | -high level wellness model-agent-host-enviornment triangle model-illness-wellness continuum-self responsibility-asymmetrical dot |
| Dunns' High level wellness model | -describes "good health" as a passive state where person is not ill-descries "wellness" as more active state, moving towards maximizing potential |
| Leavell & CLarke's famous for? | agent-host-enviornment triangle model, health is seen when all 3 elements are in balance |
| Travis is famous for? | Illness Wellness Continoum, composed of 2 arrows pointing in opposite directions, if moves to right (healthy) if moves to left (death) |
| Ardell is famous for? | Wellness is centered around self-responsibilityself responsibility, nutrition, physical, stress, enviornment |
| Greenburg is famous for? | Asymmetrical Dot: 5 components(physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social) |
| Name 5 Nursing theory models | 1) Dorothea Oream: Self-care2) Callista Roy: Adaptation3) MADeline Leininger: cultural4) Rosemarie Parse: Human becomming Theory 5) Lydia E. Hall: Developed Nursing Process "ADOPIE" |
| Callista Roy famous for | Adaptation Theory |
| Dorothea Orem famous for | Self Care |
| Madelie Leinenger famous for | Cultural care diversity |
| Lydia E. Hall famous for | Developing Nursing Process "ADOPIE" |
| List the steps of the Nursing Process "ADOPIE" | AssessmentDiagnosisplanningoutcomeimplementevaluate |
| 4 major things nurses do with data during assessment | collect, validate, organize, document data |
| 4 types of assessments | initial, problem-focused, emergency, time-lapsed |
| In emergency assessment what is the main thing to do? | identify and prioritize (ABC) |
| Give example of Subjective data | my tummy hurts |
| Give example of object data | BP 90-50 |
| 3 parts of diagnostic statement | problem(NANDA diagnoses), related to, symptomatology(as evidenced by) |
| Give example of High priority | ABC (emergency) |
| Give example of low priority | risks |
| Give example of medium priority | actual diagnosis from NANDA |
| Maslows Hierarchy of Needs | Physiological, safety, love, self-esteem, self-actualization |
| stereotyping | assuming all members of a culture act alike |
| give example of stereotyping | all arabs are terrorists |
| give example of cultural imposition-belief | Native Americans |
| cultural imposition belief | everyone should conform to the majority belief system |
| cultural blindness | result of ignoring differences |
| give example of cultural blindness | ex from class, washing off herbs and spices |
| cultural conflict | sense of feeling threatened by cultural diff |
| give example of cultural conflict | Arizona Law |
| Ethnocentrism | belief that ones ideas, beliefs, and practices are superior or are most preferred by others |
| give example of Ethnocentrism | UTEP Fast-Track students are the best |
| Types of communication | verbal, non-verbal, meta-communication |
| Characteristics of Therapeutic Relationships | purposefulrapporttrustempathy |
| Techniques in therapuetic relationships | clarify message givenrestateconstructive confrontationsilencerespect |
| Barriers to effective communication | attitudegaps(age, religion, language)transferencefailure to consider settingfailure to listengossip and giving false assurance |
| What is one of the most important things when teaching? | what u teach must be relevant or useful immediately!!!! |
| For teaching evaluation, how do you evaluate cognition? | Ask patient, give a mini quiz |
| For teaching evaluation, how do you evaluate affective? | See if their attitude changes |
| For teaching evaluation, how do you evaluate psychomotor? | Ask patient to demonstrate the new skill |
| What is the main goal of teaching? | Behavioral change |
Created by:
cbetance
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