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unit 6 review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| leads to the loss, duplication or alteration of alleles | change in chromosome number or structure |
| brings together combinations of alleles from two parents | fertilization |
| leads to new combinations of alleles in chromosomes | crossing over at meiosis |
| a heritable change in DNA | mutation |
| different forms of a gene (blue eyes vs. brown eyes) | alleles |
| change in allele frequency due to individuals entering or leaving a population | gene flow |
| change in allele frequency due to differences in survival and reproduction in a population | natural selection |
| random fluctuation in allele frequencies due to chance | genetic drift |
| Change in DNA that always results in death | lethal mutation |
| the abundance of each kind of allele in the entire population | allele frequency |
| changes that are neither harmful nor helpful to the individual | neutral mutations |
| changes in allele frequency due to mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow | microevolution |
| The type of selection where the environment chooses one extreme to survive | directional |
| The type of selection where what is most common continues to survive | stabilizing |
| The type of selection where both extremes are picked for survival | disruptive |
| In a population of 200 individuals, determine the following for a particular allele if p= .8 (Remember to multiply by 200.) The number of homozygous dominant individuals (p2) | 128 |
| In a population of 200 individuals, determine the following for a particular allele if p= .8 (Remember to multiply by 200.) The number of homozygous recessive individuals (q2) | 8 |
| In a population of 200 individuals, determine the following for a particular allele if p= .8 (Remember to multiply by 200.) The number of heterozygous individuals (2pq) | 64 |
| In a population, 81 percent of the organisms are homozygous dominant and 1 percent is homozygous recessive. Find the following: The frequency of the dominant allele (p) | 0.9 |
| In a population, 81 percent of the organisms are homozygous dominant and 1 percent is homozygous recessive. Find the following: The frequency of the recessive allele (q) | 0.1 |
| In a population, 81 percent of the organisms are homozygous dominant and 1 percent is homozygous recessive. Find the following: The percentage of heterozygotes (2pq) | 18% |
| If the percentage of gene D is 70 percent in a gene pool, find the percentage of gene d. | 30% |
| Gene R has a frequency of .6, what percentage of individuals are heterozygous Rr? | 48% |
| directional, stabilizing or disruptive selection? both ends of the variation range are favored, intermediate forms are selected against. | disruptive |
| directional, stabilizing or disruptive selection? may account for the persistence of certain phenotypes over time. | stabilizing |
| directional, stabilizing or disruptive selection? the most common forms of a trait in a population are favored, uncommon forms are eliminated | stabilizing |
| directional, stabilizing or disruptive selection? allele frequencies shift in a steady, consistent direction due to a change in the environment | directional |
| directional, stabilizing or disruptive selection? counters the effect of mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow | stabilizing |
| directional, stabilizing or disruptive selection? newborns weighing an average of 7 pounds are favored over smaller or bigger newborns | stabilizing |
| directional, stabilizing or disruptive selection? wing color of the peppered moth shifted from light to the dark form as trees became covered with soot during the industrial revolution | directional |
| directional, stabilizing or disruptive selection? due to migration, a population of mice becomes more and more brown than white. | directional |
| sharks, penguins and porpoises all swim | lineage |
| bat wings and a butterfly wings are both used to fly | analogous |
| pelvic bones of a whale | vestigial |
| the human arm, the porpoise’s front flipper, the bird’s wing all contain the same bones | homologous |
| potential mates live in the same range but reproduce at different times of the year | temporal |
| potential mates occupy different local habitats within the same area | ecological |
| sperm is transferred but the egg is not fertilized | mechanical |
| the hybrid is sterile or partially sterile | hybrid offspring |
| mating is attempted but sperm cannot be successfully transferred | mechanical |
| the egg is fertilized but the zygote dies | zygote mortality |
| sage has its flower petals arranged as a landing platform for pollinators | mechanical |
| one species of cicada matures and reproduces every 13 years; another species every 17 years | temporal |
| male and female birds engage in complex courtship rituals | behavioral |
| pollen grains from one species of plant is mismatched with gametes of another species | gamete mortality |
| The British ship that Darwin was on for 5 years as a naturalist | HMS Beagle |
| He wrote Principles of Geology, and suggested the earth was older than 6000 years | Charles Lyell |
| He wrote an essay on populations that said people reproduced faster than resources could sustain them | Thomas Malthus |
| Volcanic islands off the South American coast where Darwin correlated finches with their environment | Galapagos Islands |
| Darwin’s key point in his theory of evolution: involves adaptive traits and inheritable variations | Natural Selection |
| This man independently came up with a theory of natural selection based on less evidence than Darwin | Alfred Wallace |
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mortehay000
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