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ECG final

QuestionAnswer
name the six limb leads I, II, III, AVR, AVL, AVF
name the six chest leads V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6
name the three layers of heart tissue endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
name the four chambers of the heart right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
blood carrying wast products including carbon dioxide enters the heart through the... superior and inferior vena cava
the atrioventricular valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is... tricuspid valve
the two phases of a cardia cycle are.. systole and diastole
elevated blood pressure is called hypertension
in normal individuals, the sequence of impulse travel is... SA node; AV node; Bundle of His; Purkinje fibers
the electrical process resulting in stimulation of the myocardial cells is called.. Depolarization
Define repolarization it refers to the relaxation phase of the myocardial cells
what is an ECG? a graphic representation of the electrical activity of the heart
what is the first wave recorded P wave
what is the purpose of electrolyte gel or paste? it allows the electrical impulse to pass readily from the skin surface through to the electrode and on the ecg instrument for recording.
standard ECGs use how many electrodes? 10
name the three bipolar limb leads lead I, lead II, lead III
the AV in leads AVR, AVL and AVF stands for augmented voltage
the vertical measurements on an ECG tracing reflect... wave height; cardiac voltage
on the ECG paper, 5 small consecutive squares, represents how much time? .20 sec
where should the leg electrodes be placed if the patient has a cast from his ankle to above his knee on the right side? place electrode above or below cast
define rhythm strip a continuous recording of a single lead. It is used to determine the rhythm and rate of the heart.
name three artifacts seen on an ECG wandering baseline, muscle tremor and AC interference
the first factor considered by a physician when interpreting ECGs is.. heart rate
normal heart rate is between 60 and 100
tachycardia is defined as a heart rate above 100
in left axis deviation, the QRS complex is upright in Lead I and down in AVF
a biphasic P wave in V1 is indicative of atrial hypertrophy
name two features in an ECG examined in an acute myocardial infarction significant Q waves, elevated ST segment
list three examples of urgent tracings which would require immediate medical attention ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, asystole, agonal rhythm
what leads would you examine when looking for an acute lateral M.I. lead I and AVL
the main function of the cardiovascular system is to transport products to and from the cells of the body
how do you know when the pacemaker has produced a stimulus on the ECG? a pacing spike is present
the pacemaker of the heart is the SA node
list two steps to reduce wandering baseline artifact check electrodes to ensure proper fit (not too tight or loose), ensure lead wires are not twisted, add more gel for better conductivity, clean skin at electrode site to remove lotions or skin cream/oil
a blood vessel that contains valves is vein
the highest oxygen concentration is found in the blood of the coronary arteries
localized deficiency in blood supply of a temporary nature is called ischemia
name the order of valves tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar valve, bicuspid valve, semilunar or aortic valve
several factors which may influence blood pressure resistance of blood flow in blood vessels, pumping action of the heart, viscosity or thickness of blood, elasticity of arteries, quantity of blood in the vascular system
the two phases of a heartbeat systole and diastole
contraction phase systole
relaxation phase diastole
phase that maximum force is exerted by blood against the arterial walls systole
phase that the weakest force is exerted by blood against the arterial walls diastole
the P wave represents depolarization (contraction) of the atria
QRS complex represents the depolarization (contraction) of the ventricles
the T wave repolarization (recovery) of the ventricles
depolarization referes to the electrical process resulting in excitation or stimulation of the myocardial cells causing contraction of the myocardium
repolarization refers to the electrical process resulting in relaxation of the myocardium cells
during depolarization the ______ and ______ contract simultaneously followed by the _____ and _____ right and left atria, right and left ventricles
the ground wire is placed where? the right leg
name the precordial leads I, II, III, AVR, AVL, AVF
name the 3 bipolar leads I, II, III
name the 3 unipolar leads AVR, AVF, AVL
name the lead that records between the right arm and left arm Lead I
name the lead that records between the right arm and left leg Lead II
name the lead that records between the left arm and left leg Lead III
a lead that records between two points of contact is called a bipolar lead
a lead that records from only one point of contact is called a unipolar lead
list 3 things to do before starting an ECG check identity of patient, identify yourself and explain the nature of the test, remember to make sure the patient feels comfortable
what color is the right arm lead white
what color is the left arm lead black
what color is the right leg lead green
what color is the left leg lead red
placement of arm electrodes forearm or biceps area
placement of leg electrodes lower part of each leg (upper thigh optional)
what color is the ground green
V1 red, placed in the fourth intercostal space on R side of chest along the sternal margin
V2 yellow, placed in the fourth intercostal space on the L side of chest along the sternal margin
V3 green, placed midway between V2 and V4
V4 blue, placed in the 5th intercostal at L midclavicular line
V5 orange, placed on the same horizontal line with V4 on L anterior axillary line
V6 purple, placed on the same horizontal lines as V4 and V5 at L midaxillary line
V4 female patient placement placed under breast, however if the breast is large it can be placed on top
Parkinson's Disease place electrode high and try having patient place hands palm down under buttocks
What is a Rhythm Strip? A continuous recording of a single lead or series of selected leads
Primary responsibility of the med lab assist when performing an ECG? To assist the cardiologist or doctor by providing them with a good quality recording
Rate Count the number of cycles in a 60-second interval
If the distance between consecutive R waves is constant, the heart rate is? Regular
First dark line following complex? 300
second dark line following complex? 150
third dark line following complex? 100
fourth dark line following complex? 75
fifth dark line following complex? 60
sixth dark line following complex? 50
R to R ratio unequal interval between R waves indicates irregular rhythm
P to R ratio for every P wave there should be a QRS complex
P to R ratio of 1:1 normal
PR interval 0.12 to 0.20 seconds
QRS interval should not exceed 0.10 seconds
QRS deflection - normal axis upright in both I and AVF
QRS deflection - Left axis up in I but down in AVF
QRS deflection - Right axis Down in I but up in AVF
QRS deflection - extreme right axis down in both I and AVF
Characteristics of a normal ECG P wave is positive in leads II and AVF, negative in AVR, positive in V1
What is a Holter Monitor? An ambulatory monitor that is generally worn for 24 hours recording heart's electrical impulses from several leads in specific positions on the chest using a continuous rhythm strip.
Function of a Holter Monitor? Determine heart rate, rhythm and to correlate patient's symptoms to any rhythm abnormalities; evaluate drug therapy, palpitations.
Created by: spicey
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