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Brain Nuclei
WVSOM -- Combank/First Aid -- Brain Nucleus
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sounds | medial geniculate nucleus |
| visual input and sends information to the visual cortex of the occipital loge | lateral geniculate nucleus |
| Body sensation such as touch pressure, vibration and pain that is directed form teh dorsal column of the spinal cord | Lateral part of the VPN |
| motor signals mostly from the basal ganglia and cerebellum and distributes them to the motor cortex of the frontal lobe | ventral anterior nucleus |
| facial sensation is supplied by the trigeminal nerve and relays this information to the... | Medial part of the VPN |
| Lesion of this structure may cause a patient to begin to shop life and make inappropriate comments in public | frontal lobe |
| Lesion of this structure causes a patient to have slow writhing and twisting movements of her fingers and her hands | basal ganglia |
| Lesion of this structure will cause a patient to become dis-inhibited and act on increased sexual urges | Amygdala |
| Confusion, ataxia, opthalmoplegia as well as memory loss and personaltiy changes | mammillary bodies (Wernicke-Korsakoff) |
| hemiballismus of the contralateral arm | subthalamic nucleus |
| Derives all the structures that contain the thalamus | diencephalon |
| derives the cerebellum and pons | metencephalon |
| gives rise to the midbrain | mesencephalon |
| gives rise to the cerebral hemispheres and basal ganglia | telencephalon |
| Gives rise to the medulla | myelencephalon |
| Impingement of what nerves occurs due to a mass in the cavernous sinus? | III, IV and V1 |
| Lesion to what area of the brain results in difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, anda uvula that deviates the right with a diminished gag reflex | Lateral medulla (CN IX, X) |
| Personality changes, disinhibited behavior and poor judgement | frontal lobe injury |
| Challenges with language and hearing | temporal lobe injury |
| Lose in basic function | hypothalmic injury |
| Contra lateral visual field defects | Occipital lobe injury |
| Hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior | Amygdala Lesion (Kluver-bucy syndrome) |
| Disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation and judgment; may have reemergence of primitive reflexes | Frontal Lobe Lesion |
| Spatial neglect syndrome (agnosia of the contralateral side of the world) | Right parietal lobe lesion |
| reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness | Reticular activating system (midbrain)(e.g., coma) |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome | mammillary bodies |
| Confusion ophthalmoplegia, ataxia | Wernicke syndrome |
| memory loss, confabulation, personality change | Korsakoff Syndrome |
| tremor at rest, chorea, or athertosis | basal ganglia |
| intention tremor, limb ataxia | cerebellar hemisphere lesion. Will fall toward side of lesion |
| truncal ataxia, dysarthria | cerebella vermis lesion |
| contralateral hemiballismus | subthalamic nucleus |
| antegrade amnesia -- inability to make new memories | hippocampus |
| eyes look away from side of lesion | paramedian pontine reticular formation |
| eyes look toward lesion | frontal eye fields |
| Contralateral hemiparesis (lower extremities), medial lemniscus (decreased contralateral proprioception), ipsilateral paralysis of hypoglossal nerve | Medial medullary syndrome (Anterior Spinal Artery) |
| contralateral loss of pain and temperature, ipsilateral dysphagia, hoarseness, decreased gag, vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus, vomiting, ipsilateral horner's, ipsilateral facial pain, temp, trigeminal nucleus, ipsilateral ataxia | PICA; Lateral medullary syndrome |
| Artery with Medial medullary syndrome | Anterior Spinal Artery |
| Artery with Lateral medullary syndrome | PICA |
| Ipsilateral facial paralysis, ipsilateral cohlear nucleus, vestibular (nystagmus),ipsilateral facial pain and temperature, ipsilateral dystaxia | AICA; lateral inferior pontine syndrome |
| contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing; supplies occipital cortex | Posterior cerebral artery |
| contralateral face and arm paralysis and sensory loss, aphasia (dominant sphere), left-sided neglect | Middle cerebral artery |
| supplies medial surface of brain, leg-foot area of motor and sensory cortices | anterior cerebral artery |
| most common site of circle of willis aneurysm; lesions may cause visual field defects | anterior communicating artery |
| common area of aneurysm; causes CN III palsy | Posterior communicating artery |
| "arteries of stroke"; infarct of teh posterior limb of the internal capsule causes pure motor hemiparesis | Lateral striate |
| Supply internal capusule, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus | lateral striate (division of middle cerebral artery) |
| Watershed zones | anterior cerebral/middle cerebral, posterior cerebral/middle cerebral |
| What gets damaged in severe hypotension | watershed zones |
| Upper leg/upper arm weakness, defects in higher-order visual processing | Watershed zones due to severe hypotension |
| Hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior | Amygdala Lesion (Kluver-bucy syndrome) |
| Disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation and judgment; may have reemergence of primitive reflexes | Frontal Lobe Lesion |
| Spatial neglect syndrome (agnosia of the contralateral side of the world) | Right parietal lobe lesion |
| reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness | Reticular activating system (midbrain)(e.g., coma) |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome | mammillary bodies |
| Confusion ophthalmoplegia, ataxia | Wernicke syndrome |
| memory loss, confabulation, personality change | Korsakoff Syndrome |
| tremor at rest, chorea, or athertosis | basal ganglia |
| intention tremor, limb ataxia | cerebellar hemisphere lesion. Will fall toward side of lesion |
| truncal ataxia, dysarthria | cerebella vermis lesion |
| contralateral hemiballismus | subthalamic nucleus |
| antegrade amnesia -- inability to make new memories | hippocampus |
| eyes look away from side of lesion | paramedian pontine reticular formation |
| eyes look toward lesion | frontal eye fields |
| Contralateral hemiparesis (lower extremities), medial lemniscus (decreased contralateral proprioception), ipsilateral paralysis of hypoglossal nerve | Medial medullary syndrome (Anterior Spinal Artery) |
| contralateral loss of pain and temperature, ipsilateral dysphagia, hoarseness, decreased gag, vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus, vomiting, ipsilateral horner's, ipsilateral facial pain, temp, trigeminal nucleus, ipsilateral ataxia | PICA; Lateral medullary syndrome |
| Artery with Medial medullary syndrome | Anterior Spinal Artery |
| Artery with Lateral medullary syndrome | PICA |
| Ipsilateral facial paralysis, ipsilateral cohlear nucleus, vestibular (nystagmus),ipsilateral facial pain and temperature, ipsilateral dystaxia | AICA; lateral inferior pontine syndrome |
| contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing; supplies occipital cortex | Posterior cerebral artery |
| contralateral face and arm paralysis and sensory loss, aphasia (dominant sphere), left-sided neglect | Middle cerebral artery |
| supplies medial surface of brain, leg-foot area of motor and sensory cortices | anterior cerebral artery |
| most common site of circle of willis aneurysm; lesions may cause visual field defects | anterior communicating artery |
| common area of aneurysm; causes CN III palsy | Posterior communicating artery |
| "arteries of stroke"; infarct of teh posterior limb of the internal capsule causes pure motor hemiparesis | Lateral striate |
| Supply internal capusule, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus | lateral striate (division of middle cerebral artery) |
| Watershed zones | anterior cerebral/middle cerebral, posterior cerebral/middle cerebral |
| What gets damaged in severe hypotension | watershed zones |
| Upper leg/upper arm weakness, defects in higher-order visual processing | Watershed zones due to severe hypotension |
| Nonfluent aphasia with intact comprehension. | Broca's aphasia |
| Artery in Lateral inferior pontine syndrome | AICA |
| Leasion to inferior frontal gyrus | broca's area |
| fluent aphasia with impaired comprehension | Wernicke's |
| superior temporal gyrus lesion | wernickes area |
| Nonfluent aphasia with impaired comprehension. | Global aphasia (both broca and wernicke) |
| Poor reptition but fluent speech, intact comprehension. | conduction aphasia |
| Arcuate fasciulus lesion | conduction aphasia (connects Broca and Wernicke) |
| Frontal Lobe next to Sylvian fissue | Broca's area |
| Temporal Lobe next to Sylvian fissure | Wernicke's area |
| LMN only due to destruction of anterior horns; flaccid paralysis | Poliomyelitis |
| Mostly white matter of cervical region. scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus | MS |
| Combined upper and lower motor neuron deficits with no sensory deficit | ALS |
| Spare dorsal columns. everything else affected | complete occulsion to anterior spinal artery |
| degeneration of dorsal roots; impaired proprioception, locomotor ataxia | tabes dorsalis |
| damages anterior white commissureof spinothalamic tract resulting in bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation seen in arnold-chiari II | Syringomyelia |
| demyelination of dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts and spinocerebellar tracts; ataxic gait, hyperreflexia, impaired positona nd vibration sense | Vitamin B12 and Vitamin E defeiciency known as Friedreich's Ataxia |
Created by:
tjamrose
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