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Genetics
| Answer | |
|---|---|
| Allele | Different forms of a gene |
| characteristic | A distinguishing feature or quality |
| chromosome | structure that contains DNA that carries genetic information (in the form of genes) |
| cross | breeding of two organisms that produces offspring |
| diploid | containing two complete sets of chromosomes |
| Dominant | Describes a trait that covers over |
| gamete | a sex cell (sperm or egg cell) that has half of the needed genetic material (AKA it's haploid) |
| mutation | change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
| genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles. We use letters to show an organism's genotype |
| phenotype | An organism's physical appearance |
| Purebred | An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent. It can be purebred dominant (having all dominant forms) or purebred recessive (having all recessive forms) |
| Recessive | a trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait. We use lowercase letters for recessive traits. |
| Trait | A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes. |
| Zygote | The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg. |
| offspring | Product of reproduction |
| gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait |
| genetics | The scientific study of heredity |
| haploid | having a single set of unpaired chromosomes; has half of a chromosome pair |
| Heredity | Passing of traits from parents to offspring |
| Heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
| Homozygous | An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait |
| Hybrid | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (synonym for heterozygous) |
| sex-linked traits | Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes. |