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Genetics

Answer
Allele Different forms of a gene
characteristic A distinguishing feature or quality
chromosome structure that contains DNA that carries genetic information (in the form of genes)
cross breeding of two organisms that produces offspring
diploid containing two complete sets of chromosomes
Dominant Describes a trait that covers over
gamete a sex cell (sperm or egg cell) that has half of the needed genetic material (AKA it's haploid)
mutation change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
genotype The genetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles. We use letters to show an organism's genotype
phenotype An organism's physical appearance
Purebred An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent. It can be purebred dominant (having all dominant forms) or purebred recessive (having all recessive forms)
Recessive a trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait. We use lowercase letters for recessive traits.
Trait A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.
Zygote The diploid cell produced by the union of haploid gametes during fertilization; a fertilized egg.
offspring Product of reproduction
gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
genetics The scientific study of heredity
haploid having a single set of unpaired chromosomes; has half of a chromosome pair
Heredity Passing of traits from parents to offspring
Heterozygous An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Homozygous An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (synonym for heterozygous)
sex-linked traits Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes.
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