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SOL Review Pack 5
Atmosphere and Weather
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accumulation | A buildup or gathering of something that occurs over time |
| Air Mass | A body of air extending over a large area (1,000 miles or more) that develops and retains specific characteristics of pressure, temperature, and humidity |
| Air Pressure | The force exerted by the atmosphere on Earth’s surface by the weight of the air above the surface |
| Altitude | The distance from sea level |
| Atmosphere | The layer of gas surrounding a planet that is held in place by gravity |
| Atmospheric Movement | Global air circulation patterns within the atmosphere held to Earth by gravity and warmed as heat radiates from Earth; influenced by convection of warm, less dense air (rises and spreads out) and cold, dense air (sinks) |
| Catastrophic Events | Extreme weather events such as floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes; classified by the extent and intensity of their impact on the ecosystem |
| Climate | Average weather patterns for a particular region |
| Climate Change | Long-term change in the prevailing weather patterns |
| Cold Front | The border between an advancing cold air mass and a retreating warm air mass |
| Condensation | The change from a gas state to a liquid state |
| Convection | Heat transfer caused by the rising of hotter, less dense fluids and the falling of cooler, denser fluids |
| Convection Current | A circular movement of fluids caused by the rising of hotter, less dense fluid and the falling of cooler, denser fluid |
| Earth's Energy Budget | The measure of the incoming energy Earth receives from the Sun and the amount that is emitted back into space |
| Evaporation | Change of a liquid to a vapor or gas |
| Greenhouse Gases | Gases in the atmosphere that trap heat within the atmosphere |
| Heat Transfer | The thermal energy exchange between two objects of different temperatures; energy moves in a predictable pattern from warmer sites to cooler sites until all sites have reached the same temperature |
| High-Pressure Air Mass | An air mass with greater atmospheric pressure than the surrounding air masses; air moves away from the center of the high pressure, traveling in a clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere and a counterclockwise direction in the southern hemisphere |
| Humidity | Amount of water vapor or moisture content in air |
| Low-Pressure Air Mass | An air mass with less atmospheric pressure than the surrounding air masses; air moves toward the area of low pressure, traveling in a counterclockwise direction in the northern hemisphere and a clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere |
| Motion | The change in an object's position with respect to time and in comparison with the position of other objects used as reference points |
| Ocean Currents | Directional movements of ocean water; surface currents result from steady winds over the ocean surface; deep currents result from density variations due to temperature and salinity differences |
| Ozone | Gas in Earth's atmosphere that absorbs most of the damaging high-energy ultraviolet radiation from the Sun |
| Precipitation | Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls from clouds in the sky |
| Radiation | Radiation |
| Reflection | Energy waves bouncing off the surface of an object |
| Seasons | The four natural divisions of the year based on changes in temperature due to varying amounts of sunlight received (both intensity and number of daylight hours vary); caused by the tilt of Earth during its revolution |
| Solar Energy | Radiant light and heat from the Sun |
| Troposphere | The layer of atmosphere closest to the surface of Earth; where weather occurs |
| Warm Front | The boundary between an advancing warm air mass and a receding cooler air mass |
| Weather | The day-to-day state of the atmosphere |
| Weather Map | A map or chart that shows the weather conditions at a specific point in time over a specific region |
| Wind | A natural movement of air, sometimes with considerable force, from an area of high density and pressure to an area of low density and pressure |
Created by:
schristensen
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