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Bio Genetics
Bio Ch. 10 & 11 Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| heredity | the passing on of characteristics from parent to offspring |
| genetics | the study of heredity |
| traits | inherited characteristics |
| pollination | transfer of male pollen grains to the female |
| fertilization | uniting of male and female gametes |
| alleles | different forms of genes that exist |
| Law of Dominance | only one of two different alleles will be expresssed |
| dominant | the trait that is expressed in a heterozygote |
| recessive | the trait that is hidden in a heterozygote |
| Law of Segregation | the two alleles that an organism has for a trait will separate into different gametes |
| phenotype | the way an organism looks or behaves due to its genes |
| genotype | the gene combination an organism contains |
| homozygous | organisms with two of the same alleles for a trait |
| heterozygoous | organisms with two different alleles for a trait |
| Law of Independent Assortment | genes for different traits are inherited independently of one another |
| Punnett squares | a shorthand way of predicting the possible offspring of a cross |
| Law of Probability | the possible outcomes will occur in equal numbers over a large number of trials |
| pedigree | a graphic representation of genetic inheritance, similar to a family tree |
| carrier | an individual who has a recessive trait that can be passed down, but they do not express it |
| Rule of Unit Factors | Mendel concluded that each organisms contributes something to the traits of the offspring |
| hybrid | another name for a heterozygous individual |
| monohybrid cross | crossing of two organisms with opposite and true breeding traits to produce a hybrid |
| dihybrid cross | crossing of two organisms that differ in two traits rather than one |
| incomplete dominance | the phenotype of the heterozygote is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes |
| codominance | the phenotype of both homozygotes is expressed in a heterozygous offspring |
| multiple allele inheritance | more than two alleles for a traits are present in the population |
| autosome | the first 22 pairs of chromosomes in humans; are the same in males and females |
| sex chromosomes | the 23rd pair of chromosomes that determine sex; X and Y |
| sex-linked traits | traits controlled by genes found on sex chromosomes |
| polygenic inheritance | two or more genes contribute to the phenotype resulting in a wide range of phenotypes; such as height in humans |
| hemophilia A | sex linked disorder characterized by the inability to clot blood properly |
| sickle cell anemia | a codominant human trait resulting in abnormal red blood cell shape which slows blood flow and blocks small vessels |
| Tay Sachs disease | recessive and fatal human disorder causing neurological degeneration at a very young age |
| cystic fibrosis | recessive human disorder causing excess mucous in digestive and respiratory tracts which limit nutrient absorption and proper breathing; fatal if not treated |
| PKU | recessive human disorder preventing the breakdown of phenylalanine, an amino acid found in most proteins; leads to cognitive delays |
| Huntington's disease | dominant human disorder leading to breakdown of the nervous system; beginning in middle age and leading to eventual death |
| galactosemia | a recessive human disorder preventing a person from breaking down the sugar found in dairy products |
Created by:
Mrs. Meeks SHS
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