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Biology
Use of Biological Resources (Section 9)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What bacteria is used in making youghurt? | Lactobacillus |
| Which type of respiration does Lactobacillus utilise in the process of making yogurt? | Anaerobic respiration |
| What is the purpose of sterilising equipment in the process of making yoghurt? | To kill unwanted microorganisms and to prevent chemical contamination |
| At what temperature is the milk pasteurised in the process of making yoghurt? | 72 degrees |
| In yoghurt production, what is the substrate used by Lactobacillus for anaerobic respiration? | Lactose |
| In yoghurt production, why is milk pasteurised before adding lactobacillus? | To kill unwanted organisms |
| What does lactic acid do to milk? | Causes it to clot and solidify into yoghurt |
| What is a fermenter? | A container used to grow microorganisms |
| What is the liquid inside of a fermenter called? | culture medium |
| What two things are controlled and at an optimum level for microorganisms inside a fermenter? | Temperature and pH |
| What are aseptic conditions in a fermenter and why are they needed? | It means the fermenter is sterilised to kill unwanted organisms. Therefore, microorganisms won't have to compete and the product won't be contaminated |
| Name the 6 controlled conditions in a fermenter | 1. Aseptic precautions 2. Nutrients 3. Optimum temperature 4. Optimum pH 5. Oxygenation 6. Agitation |
| Why do microorganisms in a fermenter need nutrients | For growth and reproduction |
| Why is an optimum temperature and pH needed in a fermenter? | For optimum enzyme activity |
| Why is oxygen needed in a fermenter? | For aerobic respiration |
| What is agitation in a fermenter and why is it needed? | Paddles that rotate, moving the medium around the vessel, ensuring even distribution of pH, nutrients, temperature, etc |
| What is the primary purpose of industrial fermentation? | Using microorganisms to transform raw materials into valuable products |
| What are the 3 drawbacks of inbreeding? | 1. It reduces that size of the gene pool 2. The population as a whole will be more at risk of disease 3. Rare inherited diseases are more likely to appear |
| Describe the 4 step process of selective breeding | 1. Choose the stock you have with the best characteristics 2. Breed them together 3. Select the best offspring and breed them 4. Repeat the process over multiple generations |
| Name 2 advantages of fish farming | 1. Able to selectively breed fish 2. Able to protect against predators |
| How is water maintained in fish farming? | It is filtered to get rid of harmful bacteria that could cause disease |
| What is intraspecific predation? | Predation within the same species |
| How is intraspecific predation controlled in fish farming? | Fishes are separated by size and age so they don't eat each other |
| How are sea lice prevented in fish farms? | Biological pest control - wrasse are added to the farms to eat the lice |
| In fish farming, the cage protects fish from what type of predation? | Interspecific predation |
| What type of food are fish in fish farms fed and why? | High quality food to ensure fast growth |
Created by:
JoeMather
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