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LPSCS
Criminal Justice
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Citizen Emergency Response Team | A group of trained volunteers who assist professional emergency responders during crisis or disaster situations |
| Felony | A serious crime that is typically punishable by imprisonment for more than one year. |
| Grand Jury | A legal body that is empowered to conduct official proceedings to investigate potential criminal conduct. |
| Jury | A group of people selected to hear evidence and reach a verdict in a court of law. |
| Supreme Court | The highest judicial body in a country or state, responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring their constitutionality. |
| Arraignment | appearance of a defendant in court, where he/she must make a plea |
| Class of Fires | Different categories of fires based on the type of materials burning, such as Class A, B, C, D or K fires |
| Sheriff | Elected official responsible for law enforcement in a county, often overseeing local jails and court security. |
| Sentencing | The legal process of determining the punishment for a criminal defendant after being found guilty. |
| Castle Doctrine | Legal principle that allows individuals to use force, including deadly force, to protect their homes against intruders. |
| Miranda Rights | The rights that must be read to individuals under arrest to ensure they are aware of their constitutional rights. |
| Terry Stop | A brief detention of a person by law enforcement for questioning or investigation based on reasonable suspicion. |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | Landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants who cannot afford it. |
| Diversity | The presence of a wide range of different social and cultural identities within a group or community. |
| Writ of Certiorari | Latin term for an order from a higher court to a lower court to review a case. |
| Voir Dire | The process of questioning potential jurors to ensure a fair trial. |
| Carroll v United States | This refers to a legal case where the Supreme Court established guidelines for searches conducted by law enforcement during a traffic stop. |
| Mapp v Ohio | This legal case established the "exclusionary rule," which means evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court. |
| Magistrate | A judge or legal officer who typically issues warrants and hears small claim civil cases |
| Plaintiff | The person who brings a civil case against another in a court of law. |
| Prosecutor | The lawyer who represents the government in a criminal case. |
| Defendant | The person accused of a crime or being sued in a civil lawsuit. |
| Truancy | The act of being absent from school without permission. |
| Misdemeanor | A minor crime usually punishable by a fine or jail term for less than a year |
| Bail | Money or property deposited with the court to ensure a person's appearance in court. |
| Standard of Proof | The level of certainty and evidence required to search, arrest or prove a legal case. |
| Probable Cause | A reasonable belief that a crime has been or is being committed, necessary for a search or arrest. |
| Tourniquet | A device used to stop bleeding by compressing a limb's arteries or veins. |
| CPR | Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation, a life-saving technique used in emergencies to manually pump the heart and breath for someone in cardiac arrest. |
| Statutory law | Laws passed by a legislative body, such as a congress or a state assembly. |
| Superior Court | A court with general jurisdiction to hear and decide any type of civil or criminal case. |
| B Fire | A classification of fires involving flammable liquids or gases. |
| Rule of 4 | A procedural tradition in the Supreme Court where at least four of the nine justices must agree to hear a case before it is placed on the docket for a full hearing. |
| Indictment | A formal accusation or charge of a serious crime, typically presented after a grand jury review, indicating that there is enough evidence to proceed with a trial. |
| Hazardous Materials Placard | A diamond-shaped sign displayed on vehicles or containers transporting hazardous materials, indicating the type of hazardous substance being carried for safety and regulatory purposes. |
| Robert Peel | known for establishing the London Metropolitan Police Force and developing the principles of modern policing, including the concept of policing by consent. |
| No Bill | A decision by a grand jury not to indict or charge a suspect based on insufficient evidence or other legal reasons. |
| Youth Development Campus | a long term facility used to detain juvenile delinquents |
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