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Porifera & Cnidaria
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Porifera | the sponges; pore-bearing |
Marine | lives in the ocean |
Sessile | permanently attached to a substrate; not motile |
Ostia | incurrent pores on the epidermis of the sponge where water enters the sponge |
Osculum | large opening at the top of the sponge where water water and waste leave the sponge |
Spongocoel | hollow cavity inside the body of the sponge; opens to the osculum |
Mesenchyme | jelly-like material between the epidermis and endoderm of the sponge |
Choanocyte (collar cell) | Cell type lining the endoderm of the sponge. Has a flagellum that spins to move water, trapping plankton and organic matter in the "collar" of the choanocyte. |
Amebocyte | Cell type that moves through the mesenchyme of the sponge, picking up food from choanocytes, digesting it, and delivering the nutrients to other cells |
Spongin | network of protein fibers in the sponge that provides structural support |
Spicule | hard spear of star-shaped structure in a sponge that provides structural support; made of limestone or silica |
Hermaphrodite | has both male and female reproductive organs |
Gemmule | specialized bud made by sponges to survive harsh environments; contains food, amebocytes and spicules |
Cnidaria | stinging sea animals |
Polyp | cylindrical form of a cnidarian; bottom attaches to a substrate; mouth and tentacles face "up" |
Medusa | flattened bell shape form of a cnidarian; motile; mouth and tentacles face "down" |
Gastrodermis | cell layer forming a gastrovascular cavity (stomach) in a cnidarian |
Mesoglea | jelly-like material between the epidermis and gastrodermis of a cnidarian |
Cnidocyte | cell type that contains nematocysts |
Nematocyst | Stinging capsule that releases a barbed or venomous thread at high speed; used for self defense or to catch prey |
Hydra | a freshwater cnidarian; lives in polyp form |
Class Hydrozoa | includes hydras and Portuguese Man-O-War |
Class Scyphozoa | includes jellyfish |
Class Anthozoa | includes anemones, corals, sea fans and sea whips; usually in polyp form |
Class Cubozoa | includes the box jellies |