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Bio Chapter 12

Evolution

QuestionAnswer
A population consists of? interbreeding members of the same species
True or False? Charles Darwin was the first to attempt to explain how the diversity of life arose. False, Scientists and philosophers have been trying to explain the evolution of the diversity of life for centuries, dating as far back as ancient Greece.
Geological processes that occur today also occurred in the past, producing changes to Earth over time. This theory was proposed by ______ and is referred to as ______. James Hutton; uniformitarianism
__________ is defined as a change in allele frequencies in a population over time. Microevolution
What publication did Darwin read during his voyage on the HMS Beagle that convinced him of uniformitarianism and the old age of the Earth? Lyell's Principle of Geology
Who was one of the first scientists to suggest that species arose from ancestors and were changing? Buffon
As proposed by James Hutton, the theory of uniformitarianism states that? gradual geological processes such as erosion and sedimentation that act in modern times also occurred in the past.
After reading Malthus's essay, Darwin realized that? poorly adapted individuals would not survive if resources were limited.
What occurs when environmental factors cause the differential reproductive success of individuals with particular genotypes? Natural selection
Select all the reasonings of Charles Darwin that were influenced by Thomas Malthus's essay. -Some individuals in a population are better able to obtain resources than others. -There is variation in a population. -More individuals are born into a population than the habitat can support.
Select all the statements about Charles Darwin that are correct. Darwin studied similarities and differences among organisms and related them to geological observations. Darwin proposed that natural selection was a force that could change populations and give rise to new species.
What scientist was the first to propose a mechanism for how species could change through repeated use or disuse of a body part? Lamarck
The genetic contribution of an organism to the next generation is referred to as? Fitness
A genotype's __________ is the number of individuals with that genotype, divided by the total size of the population. Frequency
When allele and genotype frequencies are not changing between generations, the population is said to be? in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Select all of the following that occur in natural populations and that violate the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. mating is often nonrandom allele frequencies can change due to chance events migration among populations occurs
Selection for dark-winged moths in a population of moths with pigmentation that varies from light to dark is an example of _____ selection. directional
Which of the following are mechanisms of evolution? genetic drift and nonrandom mating
Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies that occurs by ______ and, unlike mutations, it tends to eliminate alleles from the population. chance
One cause of genetic drift is _____, in which a small group of individuals leaves its home population and establishes a new, isolated settlement. The founder effect
A change in allele frequencies that occurs by chance and that tends to eliminate alleles in a population rather than increase diversity is called Genetic drift
Migration of individuals from one population to another does what? creates gene flow between populations.
Created by: Sydboyer15
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