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AH biology exam 1

QuestionAnswer
1. What is the purpose of meiosis? A: Meiosis is a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosones per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosones in a diploid cell.
2. Distinguish between diploid and haploid cells. A: A diploid cell contains both sets of homologous chromosones. Haploid cells contain only a single set of chromosones, and therefore only a single set of genes.
3. How many rounds of DNA replication and cell division occur during meiosis? : Meiosis usually involves two distinct divisions, called meiosis I and meiosis II. In meoisis I, cells undergo a round of DNA replication. In meosis II, there is no round of chromosone replication.
4. What is produced at the end of meiosis? (Include how many cells and whether they are diploid or haploid.) A: Meiosis II results in four haploid (N) daughter cells.
5. How many alleles do gametes have for each trait after meisois? Why? A: Gametes following meoisis have a single allele for each trait.
6. How does non-disjunction cause chromosome number disorders? Defne monosomy and trisomy. A: Nondisjunction is when homoolgous chromosones fail to separate resulting in abnormal numbers of chromosones in a gamete. Trisomy is when an individual is born with three copies of a chromosone. Monosomy is where there is only one chromosone.
7. Explain the relationship between the following terms: cell, chromosome, DNA, and nucleotide. A: In eukaryotic cells, the genetic info that is passed on from one generation to the next is carried by chromosones. Chromosones are made up of DNA--which carries the cell's coded genetic information--and proteins. DNA is made out of nucleotides.
Created by: alexishahn
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