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Biology
Hormones + Homeostasis (Section 6)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which gland releases thyroxine? | Thyroid |
| What is the role of thyroxine? | It regulates metabolism |
| Hormones are _______ released directly into the ________ | chemicals, bloodstream |
| What part of the blood carries hormones? | Blood plasma |
| What are the particular cells that hormones affect called? | Target cells |
| Where are hormones produced? | In glands |
| Where is adrenaline produced? | Adrenal glands |
| Where are the adrenal glands located? | On top of the kidneys |
| What is the role of adrenaline? | To ready the body for a 'fight or flight' response |
| What are the 2 effects of adrenaline? | 1. Increases heart rate and blood flow to muscles 2. Increases blood sugar level |
| Where is insulin produced? | Pancreas |
| What is the role of insulin? | To control blood sugar level |
| What is the effect of insulin? | Stimulates liver to turn glucose into glycogen for storage |
| Where is testosterone produced? | Testes |
| What is the role of testosterone? | Main male sex hormone |
| What is the effect of testosterone? | Promotes male secondary sexual characteristics |
| Where is progesterone produced? | Ovaries |
| What is the role of progesterone? | Supports pregnancy |
| What is the effect of progesterone? | Maintains lining of uterus |
| Where is oestrogen produced? | Ovaries |
| What is the role of oestrogen? | Main female sex hormone |
| What are the 2 effects of oestrogen? | 1. Controls menstrual cycle 2. Promotes female secondary sexual characteristics |
| Where is ADH produced? | Pituitary gland |
| What is the role of ADH? | Controls water content |
| What is the effect of ADH? | Increases permeability of kidney tubules to water |
| Where is FSH produced? | Pituitary gland |
| What is the role of FSH? | Female sex hormone |
| What are the 2 effects of FSH? | 1. Causes egg to mature in ovary 2. Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen |
| Where is LH produced? | Pituitary gland |
| What is the role of LH? | Female sex hormone |
| What is the effect of LH? | Stimulates release of an egg from an ovary |
| What are the 3 main differences between nerves and hormones? (Nerve/Hormone) | 1. Fast/slow message 2. Act for short/long time 3. Act on precise/general area |
| Define homeostasis | The maintenance of a constant internal environment |
| Name 2 examples of things that your body needs to balance | 1. Water content 2. Body temperature |
| Name 3 ways in which water is lost from the body | 1. Through skin as sweat 2. Via the lungs when breathing 3. Via kidneys as urine |
| Describe the 3 effects of hot weather and exercise on the body's water content | 1. A lot of sweat produced/water lost through breath Resulting in: 2. Less urine produced 3. More concentrated urine |
| Describe the effect of cold weather and no exercise | 1. Little sweat/water lost through breath Resulting in: 2. More urine 3. Less concentrated urine (pale colour) |
| What temperature does the body try to maintain for its enzymes to work best? | 37 degrees |
| In what 2 ways does the brain detect the body's temperature? | 1. It's sensitive to blood temperature in the brain 2. Receives messages from temperature receptors in the skin |
| How do signals from temperature receptors in the skin help maintain optimum temperature? | Receptors signal for CNS to activate the necessary effectors to warm up |
| Why does the body need to maintain optimal conditions? | For optimal enzyme action and cell function |
| What technique does the body use to regulate its levels of water, glucose, etc? | Negative feedback |
| What method is used by the blood vessels to warm up when we are too cold? | Vasoconstriction |
| What method is used by the blood vessels to cool down when we are too hot? | Vasodilation |
| What 3 steps does your body takes when you are too hot? | 1. Sweat produced 2. Vasodilation 3. Hairs lie flat |
| How does sweating cool you down when you're too hot? | When the sweat produced evaporates, it transfers energy from your skin to the environment |
| What is vasodilation? | - Blood vessels close to skin widen - More blood flows near the skin's surface - Meaning it can transfer more energy into surroundings - Cooling you down |
| What produces sweat? | Sweat gland |
| What muscle causes hairs to stand on end? | Hair erector muscle |
| What 3 steps does your body take to warm up when too cold? | 1. Vasoconstriction 2. Shivering 3. Hairs stand on end |
| What is vasoconstriciton? | - Blood vessels near skin's surface constrict - Meaning less blood flows near the surface - Less energy is transferred to surroundings - Keeping you warm |
| How does shivering heat the body up when you're cold? | It increases rate of respiration, which releases more energy to heat up body |
| How do hairs standing on end heat the body up when you're cold? | They trap an insulating layer of air, helping keep you warm |
| Why do smaller organisms gain/lose heat faster than bigger ones? | They have a bigger surface area to volume ratio, meaning there is more area for heat to transfer across |
| How does the shape of animals in cold conditions help them reduce heat loss? | They have a more compact, rounded shape |
Created by:
JoeMather
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