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Chapter 9-review
Unit 3 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| UNIPENNATE muscles have fascicles that wrap around a bone or twistedAppearance | Spiral |
| An AGONIST is a muscle that most of the force required for movement | True |
| The FIRST CLASS LEVER has a fulcrum situated farther the frompoint of applied force with the load in the middle | False; SECOND CLASS: load in middle |
| SKELETAL muscle has intercalated disc | False; CARDIAC |
| Distensibility | Ability to stretch without causing damage |
| Elasticity | Ability to return to original length after being stretched |
| Contractibility | Cell contracts (fused tetanus) muscle fiber shortens |
| Excitability | Being able to respond to stimuli (motor neuronexcitedmuscle fiber, act is stimulus |
| What influences the appearance & function of skeletal muscle? | Arrangement of the pattern of fascicles |
| What type of muscle works together with the agonist | Synergism |
| Most levers in the human body are | Third-class levers |
| Standing on tiptoes is an example of a | Second-class lever |
| What is the proper position of the erector spine muscles situated from medially to laterally relative to the axis of the vertebral column | Spinalis, longissimus liliocostalis |
| Which muscle is the agonist for sitting up? | Rectus abdominis |
| The superior aspect of the pubic bones is the originof: | Rectus abdominis |
| Where does infraspinatus insert? | Greater tubercle of the humerus |
| The deltoid is responsible for | Abducting the arm |
| Which of the following is not a muscle of the rotator cuff | Teres major |
| What is the action of flexor carpi ulnas | Flexing the hand |
| Which group is a synergist( assists) to the Adductor group | Gracilis |
| When climbing stairs, which muscle or muscle group extends the thigh | Quadriceps femoris |
| When climbing stairs, which muscle or muscle group flexes the leg? | Hamstrings |
| What is the most superficial muscle in the neck that goes on eachside when you smile? | Platysma |
| What muscle is deep to the splenius capitus | Splenius cervicis |
| What muscles assist with inspiration? | Scalenes |
| What muscles contract with the diaphragm when you inhale? | External intercostals |
| What muscles contract when youExhale | Internal intercostals |
| What does the flexor policies longus do | Flexes the thumb |
| What are the muscles of the rotator cuff | There's minor, supraspinatus, infraspináis, subscapularis |
| What are muscles of the quadriceps | |
| What are the muscles of the hamstrings | |
| What muscle is deep to the adductor longus not shown in lab? | Adductor Magnus |
| What muscles come together to make the iliopsoas | Iliacus & psoas major |
| Fracture occurs when: | A bone is cracked or broken |
| Bursitis occurs when: | A bursa is inflamed from trauma or overuse |
| Dislocation occurs when: | The bones in a joint are forcibly pulled apart |
| Strain occurs when: | A muscle is over-stretched it is also known as a pulled muscle |
| Hernia occurs when: | A deeper abdominal structure or organ protruded through a weakening in the abdominal wall |
| Sprain occurs when: | A ligament is stretched or torn |
| Inguinal hernias occur: | In lower abdomen near inguinal canal |
| Hiatal hernias are also known as diaphragmatic hernias & occur when: | A portion of the stomachprotudes above thediaphram which increases acid reflux |
| Umbilical hernias are common in babies a occur when: | The abdominal wall near the naval is weakened |
| Agonist (prime mover) | Provides most of the force for action |
| Mastication includes: | Master & temporalis |
| Transversus abdomens | Deepest does not cause truck movement but assists in compressing the abdominal cavity |
| External oblique | Most superficial flexes the trunk |
| Internal oblique | Flexes i&rotates the trunk |
| Rictus Abdomens | Flexes the truck (sitting up) does not rotates thetrunk |
| When cutting through abdomen what order willpass through? | Skin, hypodermic, subcutaneous fat,external oblique aponeurosis, internal oblique, transversus abdomens, peritoneum |
| Function of sarcoplasmic reticulum is to store & release calcium ions | True |
| Myofilaments shorten to produce muscle contractions according to the sliding filament mechanism | False; sarcomere |
| Na/K pump | 3 Na+ out & 2K+ in |
| Type lx fibers produce the fastest strongest twitches of any musclefiber type | True type 1 is slowest |
| Cindys leg musclesdisplayed a state of hypertonic since her arm as in cast | False; hypotonia |
| Isotonic concentration contraction: | Muscle shortens when flexing |
| Isotonic eccentric contraction: | Muscle lengthens when extending |
| Isometric contraction: | Muscle length stays the same |
| What do skeletal muscle tissue & cardiac muscle tissue have incommon? | Both consist of straited muscle |
| What is the basic function of all muscleTissues | Generate muscle tension |
| The plasma membrane of a muscle cell i's known as the | Sarcolemma |
| Where are receptors for acetylcholine located | Motor end plate |
| What does the depolarization of the transversetubules (t-tubules) promote? | Release of calcium from the sarcoplamic reticulum |
| A pathway of ATP production that resulta in the formation of lactic acid is: | Glycolytic catabolism |
| A muscle cell experiencing resting membranepotential is: | Polarized |
| What value best represents resting membrane potential of skeletal muscle cells? | - 90mV |
| The synapse of a motor neuron with a muscle fiber is known as the | Neuromuscular junction |
| The fastest muscle contraction would be producedby a: | Type llx fiber |
| The slowest muscle contraction would be Produced by a | Type I fiber |
| Smooth muscle & skeletal muscleboth posses | Myosin & actin filaments |
| Botulism toxin prevents release of ACh. What happens to muscle? | The muscle will be unable to contract known asparalysis |
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