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Micro - Ch 7

QuestionAnswer
Sterilization The eradication of all organisms, including bacterial endospores and viruses, although not prions, in or on an object.
Disinfection The use of physical or chemical agents to inhibit or destroy microorganisms on inanimate objects.
Sanitize The process of disinfecting surfaces and utensils used by the public.
Antisepsis The inhibition or killing of microorganisms on skin or tissue by the use of a chemical antiseptic.
Degerming The removal of microbes from a surface by scrubbing.
Germicide A substance capable of killing microorganisms.
Sepsis The condition of pathogens being present in the blood and causing signs of illness.
Asepsis Characteristic of an environment or procedure that is free of contamination by pathogens.
Membrane permeability A membrane that allows all substances to pass through.
Autoclave Device that uses steam heat under pressure to sterilize chemicals and objects that can tolerate moist heat.
Desiccation Inhibition of microbial growth by drying.
Ionizing radiation Form of radiation with wavelengths shorter than 1 nm that are energetic enough to create ions by ejecting electrons from atoms.
Nonionizing radiation Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength greater than 1 nm.
Microwaves Electromagnetic radiation with wavelength between 10-1 and 10-3m.
Phenol/Phenolics Compound derived from phenol molecules that have been chemically modified to denature proteins and disrupt cell membranes in a wide variety of pathogens.
Bisphenols A group of antimicrobial chemicals composed of two phenolic groups; include triclosan
Biguanides A group of antimicrobial chemicals, including chlorhexidine, especially useful on skin and mucus membranes.
Chlorhexidine is a chemical antiseptic. It kills (is bactericidal to) both gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, although it is less effective with some gram-negative microbes. It is also bacteriostatic.
Halogens One of the four very reactive, nonmetallic chemical elements: iodine, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine. Used in disinfectants and antiseptics.
Surface-active agent Any compound that decreases the tension between molecules lying on the surface of a liquid; also called surfactant.
Quats Detergent antimicrobial that is harmless to humans.
Aldehyde Compound containing terminal -CHO groups; used as a high-level disinfectant because it cross-links organic functional groups in proteins and nucleic acids.
Glutaraldehyde A water-soluble oily liquid, OHC(CH2)3CHO, containing two aldehyde groups, used in tanning leather and as a fixative for biological tissues.
Formaldehyde A colorless gaseous compound, HCHO, the simplest aldehyde, used for manufacturing melamine and phenolic resins, fertilizers, dyes, and embalming fluids and in aqueous solution as a preservative and disinfectant.
Oxidizing agent Antimicrobial agent that releases oxygen radicals.
Hydrogen peroxide A colorless, heavy, strongly oxidizing liquid, H2O2, capable of reacting explosively with combustibles and used principally in aqueous solution as a mild antiseptic, a bleaching agent, an oxidizing agent, and a laboratory reagent.
Iodophore A complex of iodine and a detergent.
Created by: heatherleone81
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