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Micro - Ch 6

QuestionAnswer
Psychrophiles Microorganism requiring cold temperatures (below 20°C)
Mesophiles Microorganism requiring temperatures ranging from 20°C to about 40°C.
thermophiles Microorganism requiring temperatures above 45°C.
Psychrotrophs An organism that is capable of growth between about 0°C and 30°C.
Hyperthermophiles (extreme thermophiles) Microorganism requiring temperatures above 80°C.
pH A logarithmic scale used for measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Osmotic Pressure The pressure exerted across a selectively permeable membrane by the solutes in a solution on one side of the membrane. The osmotic pressure exerted by high-salt or high-sugar solutions can be used to inhibit microbial growth in certain foods.
Plasmolysis Loss of water from a cell in a hypertonic environment
Extreme halophiles An organism that requires a high salt concentration for growth.
Obligate halophiles Microorganism requiring high osmotic pressure.
Facultative halophiles An organism capable of growth in, but not requiring, 1-2% salt.
Obligate aerobes Microorganism that requires oxygen as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain.
Faculatative anarobes Microorganism which can live with or without oxygen
Obligate anaerobes Microorganism that cannot tolerate oxygen and uses a final electron acceptor other than oxygen.
Aerotolerant anarobes Microorganism which prefers anaerobic conditions but can tolerate exposure to low levels of oxygen.
Microaerophiles Microorganism that requires low levels of oxygen.
Organic growth factors Organic chemical such as a vitamin required in very small amounts for metabolism. In immunology, an immune system cytokine that stimulates stem cells to divide, ensuring that the body is supplied with sufficient leukocytes of all types.
Culture medium A collection of nutrients used for cultivating microorganisms.
Inoculum Sample of microorganisms.
Culture Act of cultivating microorganisms or the microorganisms that are cultivated.
Sterile Free of microbial contamination.
Agar Gel-like polysaccharide isolated from red algae and used as thickening agent.
Colony Visible population of microorganisms living in one place; an aggregation of cells arising from a single parent cell.
Binary fission The most common method of asexual reproduction of prokaryotes, in which the parental cell disappears with the formation of progeny.
Generation time Time required for a cell to grow and divide.
Bacterial growth curve Graph that plots the number in a population over time.
Lag phase Phase in a growth curve in which the organisms are adjusting to their environment.
Log Phase (exponential growth) Increase in size of a microbial population in which the number of cells doubles in a fixed interval of time.
Stationary phase Phase in a growth curve in which new organisms are being produced at the same rate at which older organisms are dying.
Death phase (logarithmic phase) Phase in a growth curve in which the organisms are dying more quickly than they are being replaced by new organisms.
Created by: heatherleone81
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