click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
The Digestive System
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Sources of Fibre | -Wholegrain bread, pasta, and rice -Nuts and seeds -Skins of fruit and vegetables |
Functions of Fibre | -Slow release of energy. -Feeling of fullness. -Prevent bowel disorders. -Aids digestion assisting peristalsis. |
Disorders caused by lack of Fibre | -Constipation -Bowel cancer -Diverticulitis -Haemorrhoids -IBS |
How to increase Fibre in the diet | -Snack on nuts and seeds. -Choose wholegrain cereals. -Swap refined carbohydrate products for unrefined options eg. white rice to brown rice. -Leave skins on fruit and veg. -Top yoghurt with granola, nuts, and seeds. |
Mouth | -Food is physically broken down by the teeth. -The tongue mixes it with saliva from the salivary glands. -Saliva contains the enzyme amylase which breaks down starch into shorter chains |
Osophagus | -Food is swallowed and enters the osophagus, which carries food from the mouth to the stomach. -The walls of the osophagus squeeze in and out to move the food along, this action is called peristalsis. |
Stomach | -Food is churned in the stomach and mixed with gastric juices, and is called chyme. -The enzyme pepsin begins the breakdown of proteins. -Fat melts in the heat of the stomach. -Hydrochloric acid in the stomach kills most bacteria in food. |
Small intestine (1/2) | -Most chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine. -Here the chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the gallbladder, pancreas, and small intestine. |
Small intestine (2/2) | -These juices work together to change, proteins to amino acids, fats to fatty acids and glycerol, and carbohydrates to simple sugars e.g. glucose. -The walls of the intestine are covered in hair like structures called villi. |
Large intestine (1/2) | -Waste that isn't absorbed through the small intestine pass through the large intestine. -Some waste is absorbed through the large intestine into the bloodstream, making waste more solid. (Faeces) |
Large intestine (2/2) | -Faeces is pushed along the large intestine by peristalsis and eventually passes out of the body through the rectum and anus. |