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Intro to Animals
Introduction to Animals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell specialization | the adaptation of cells for a specific function |
| development | the process of cells becoming specialized |
| tissue | group of cells working together to perform a function |
| organ | group of tissues working together to perform a function |
| nervous tissue | allows animals to detect stimuli within environment and initiate responses with muscles |
| muscle tissue | exerts forces that result in movement |
| body plan | a description of an animal's shape, symmetry, and internal organization |
| asymmetry | no way to divide animal into identical sides |
| radial symmetry | body parts are organized in a circle around an axis |
| bilateral symmetry | two similar halves on each side of one central plane |
| cephalization | concentration of sensory and brain structures in the anterior end of the animal |
| dorsal | back side |
| ventral | belly side |
| lateral | toward the side of the body |
| medial | toward the midline of the body |
| anterior | front side of the body; in front of |
| posterior | back side of the body; behind |
| haploid | one copy of each chromosome |
| gamete | sex cell (e.g. sperm or egg) |
| diploid | two copies of each chromosome |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| cleavage | repeated division of a zygote, producing a cluster of cells with the same size as the original zygote |
| blastula | hollow ball of cells; stage of development following zygote |
| gastrulation | one end of the blastula collapses inward and continues to move to the opposite end of the blastula, forming a primitive gut |
| germ layers | tissue layers that form in embryos; endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm |
| endoderm | innermost germ layer; generally develops into the lining of the digestive, reproductive and urinary systems |
| mesoderm | middle germ layer (between endoderm and ectoderm); develops into the muscular and circulatory systems |
| ectoderm | outermost germ layer; generally develops into the skin, hair, nails and nervous system |
| coelom | the body cavity; fluid-filled space between the body wall and the gut; protects the internal organs |
| acoelomate | no coelom, filled with mesoderm |
| pseudocoelomate | body cavity between the mesoderm and endoderm; also called a “false coelom” (no mesoderm surrounding endoderm) |
| coelomate | body cavity within the mesoderm |
| protostome | in gut formation, the mouth forms first; cells divide in a spiral arrangement; cleavage is definite |
| deuterostome | in gut formation, the anus forms first; cells divide in a radial arrangement; cleavage is indefinite |
Created by:
onceamustang
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