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9.1-9.5 bio review
ch.9 bio review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which kingdom are fungi most related to, plants or animals? How do we know? | Animals. They are both eukaryotic and heterotrophic. |
| What is the benefit of the fungi, yeast? | To make bread and to ferment grains and fruit. |
| What are some examples of fungal diseases? | Ringworm, athlete's foot, yeast infections, lung infections |
| What is the major role fungi play in the ecosystem? | Decomposers; they decompose large molecules and absorb the small molecules |
| What is the above-ground portion of a fungus called? | Mushroom (the reproductive organ of fungi) |
| What is the below-ground (main) portion of a fungus called? | Mycelium (collective hyphae, digests food) |
| What is hyphae? | Fibers that make up both portions of fungi |
| What is a mold? | Rapidly growing fungi that still have a mycelium made up of hyphae, but do not produce mushrooms. Mold reproduce asexually by producing spores (sporangia). |
| How do fungi reproduce sexually? | The haploid cells of two hyphae fuse to form diploid cells, then divide to produce genetically distinct haploid spores. |
| What are the ancestors of terrestrial plants? | Charophytes (group of algae) |
| What are the challenges that plants face on land, compared to water? | Having to obtain and retain moisture, remain upright against the pull of gravity, gametes and embryos must be protected from drying out, require roots to stay in place, photosynthesis performed primarily in leaves |
| What relationship do many fungi have with plant roots? Why is this relationship beneficial to both the plants and fungi? | A symbiotic relationship (mycorrhizae). Fungi provides water & minerals absorbed from the soil to plants. In return, plant gives fungi sugars as nourishment. |
| What is the function of the plant’s root system? | Anchor plant in soil, absorb water and minerals, transport nutrients to other parts of plant, and store food. |
| What is the function of a plant’s cuticle? | The cuticle is waxy and prevents the leaves from drying out when exposed to the sun directly |
| What is mesophyll? | Specialized tissue in leaves that have cells containing chloroplasts |
| What does a plant's vascular system do? | It allows for transport of water from their roots to their shoots. |
| What is the "shoots" of a plant? | The above ground structures: stems, leaves, and the reproductive organs (flowers or cones) |
| What is the function of a plant's stoma? | (In the leaves) openings/pores that allow for gas exchange |
| What advantage does lignin provide to plants (when compared to algae)? | Allows for plants to support themselves on dry land. Lignin is a compound in plants that supports their tissues. |
| Where does most of the carbon that plants produce mass (sugar) come from? | The process of photosynthesis |
| What is the difference between xylem and phloem tissue, in terms of function? | Xylem transports water, phloem transports sugars (sap). Together = vascular tissue. |
| Where would you expect to find plant cells that are lacking chloroplasts? | In the plant roots (root cells do NOT contain chloroplasts). |
| What are the three plant tissue systems? | Dermal tissue, ground tissue, vascular tissue |
| What channels in plant cells allow for the flow of materials between cell to cell? | plasmodesmata |
| What is a plant's vascular tissue? | a system of tube-shaped cells that transports water and nutrients throughout a plant. |
| In what tissue system does photosynthesis occur in? | Ground tissue |
| What tissue system allows for gas exchange and provides protection? | Dermal tissue |
| Sporophytes | Diploid |
| Gametophyte | Haploid |
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