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module 14 vocab

QuestionAnswer
artificial selection Darwin's term for the selective breeding of organisms selected for certain traits in order to produce offspring having those traits
natural selection theory of evolution developed by Darwin, based on four ideas: excess reproduction, variations, inheritance, and the advantages of specific traits in an environment
evolution hereditary changes in groups of living organisms over time
derived trait new feature that had not appeared in common ancestors
ancestral trait more-primitive characteristic that appeared in common ancestors
homologous structure anatomically similar structure inherited from a common ancestor
vestigial structure reduced from of a functional structure that includes shared ancestry
embryo organism's early prebirth stage of development
biogeography study of the distribution of plants and animals
fitness measure of a trait's relative contribution to the following generation
camouflage morphological adaptions that allow organisms to blend into their surroundings
mimicry morphological adaptions in which one species evolves to resemble another species for protection or other advantages
hardy-Weinberg principle states that allelic frequencies in populations stay the same unless they are affected by a factor that causes change
genetic drift random change in allelic frequencies in a population
founder effect random effect that can occur when a small population settles in an area separated from the rest of the population and interbreeds, producing unique allelic variations
bottleneck process in which a large population declines in number, then rebounds
stabilizing selection most common form of natural selection in which organisms with extreme expressions of a trait are removed
directional selection shift of a population toward an extreme version of a beneficial trait
disruptive selection process in which individuals with average traits are removed, creating two populations with extreme traits
sexual selection change in the frequency of a trait based on competition for a mate
prezygotic isolating mechanism factor that prevents individuals from different species before fertilization
postzygotic isolating mechanism factor that prevents a hybrid zygote from developing, or prevents hybrid offspring from reproducing; operates after fertilization
allopatric speciation occurs when a population divided by a geographic barrier evolves into tow or more populations unable to interbreed
sympatric speciation occurs when a species evolves into a new species in an area without a geographic barrier
adaptive radiation diversification of a species into a number of different species, often over a relatively short time span
gradualism theory that evolution occurs in small, gradual steps over time.
punctuated equilibrium theory that evolution occurs with relatively sudden periods of speciation followed by long periods of stability
Created by: afralin9176
 

 



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