module 14 vocab Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
artificial selection	Darwin's term for the selective breeding of organisms selected for certain traits in order to produce offspring having those traits
natural selection	theory of evolution developed by Darwin, based on four ideas: excess reproduction, variations, inheritance, and the advantages of specific traits in an environment
evolution	hereditary changes in groups of living organisms over time
derived trait	new feature that had not appeared in common ancestors
ancestral trait	more-primitive characteristic that appeared in common ancestors
homologous structure	anatomically similar structure inherited from a common ancestor
vestigial structure	reduced from of a functional structure that includes shared ancestry
embryo	organism's early prebirth stage of development
biogeography	study of the distribution of plants and animals
fitness	measure of a trait's relative contribution to the following generation
camouflage	morphological adaptions that allow organisms to blend into their surroundings
mimicry	morphological adaptions in which one species evolves to resemble another species for protection or other advantages
hardy-Weinberg principle	states that allelic frequencies in populations stay the same unless they are affected by a factor that causes change
genetic drift	random change in allelic frequencies in a population
founder effect	random effect that can occur when a small population settles in an area separated from the rest of the population and interbreeds, producing unique allelic variations
bottleneck	process in which a large population declines in number, then rebounds
stabilizing selection	most common form of natural selection in which organisms with extreme expressions of a trait are removed
directional selection	shift of a population toward an extreme version of a beneficial trait
disruptive selection	process in which individuals with average traits are removed, creating two populations with extreme traits
sexual selection	change in the frequency of a trait based on competition for a mate
prezygotic isolating mechanism	factor that prevents individuals from different species before fertilization
postzygotic isolating mechanism	factor that prevents a hybrid zygote from developing, or prevents hybrid offspring from reproducing; operates after fertilization
allopatric speciation	occurs when a population divided by a geographic barrier evolves into tow or more populations unable to interbreed
sympatric speciation	occurs when a species evolves into a new species in an area without a geographic barrier
adaptive radiation	diversification of a species into a number of different species, often over a relatively short time span
gradualism	theory that evolution occurs in small, gradual steps over time.
punctuated equilibrium	theory that evolution occurs with relatively sudden periods of speciation followed by long periods of stability

Created by: afralin9176