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Q4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| light year | the distance that light travels in one year, about 9.46 trillion kilometers |
| astronomical unit | one astronomical unit equals the average distance measured from the center of the sun to the center of the earth, about 150 million kilometers. |
| universe | all of space and everything in it |
| galaxy | a huge group of singe stars, star systems, star clusters, dust, and gas bound together by gravity |
| celestial object | ex. earth, solar system, star |
| star | a giant ball of superheated gas, or plasma, composed of hydrogen and helium |
| planet | round, orbits the sun, and has cleared out the region of the solar system along its orbit |
| dwarf planets | an object that orbits the sun and has enough gravity to be spherical, but it has not cleared the area of its orbit. pluto, eris, ceres, makemake, and haumea |
| moons | six of the eight planets in our solar system have at least one natural satellite, or moon |
| asteroids | small, mostly rocky bodies, many of which are found in an area between the orbits of mars and jupiter |
| comet | loose balls of ice and rock that usually have very long, narrow orbits. they develop tails as they orbit the sun |
| telescopes | instruments that collect and focus light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation |
| spectrum | if youve ever seen light shining through a prism , then you know that the light seperates into different colors with different wavelengths, called a visible light spectrum |
| wavelength | the distances between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next wave |
| hertzsprung russell diagram | about 100 yearsago hertzsprung and russell independentlymade the same discovery and created graph to find out if the temp and absolute brightnessof stars are related. theyplaced the temperature against the absolute brightness and the points made a pattern |
| big bang theory | states that the universe formed in an instant, billions of years ago, in an enormous explosion |
| absolute brightness | the brightness the star would have if it were at a standard distance from earth |
| apparent brightness | a stars brightness as seen from earth |
| sun | a gaseous body much larger than anthing else in the solar system |
| sunspot | areas of plasma that are cooler than the plasma around them |
| solar flare | sometimes the loops in sunspot regions suddenly connect, releasing large amounts of magnetic energy, the energy heats plasma on the sun to millions of degrees celsius, causing it to erupt into space. |
| prominence | huge loops of plasma that are polarized |
| corona | the outer layer of the atmosphere, which looks like a white halo around the sun |
| photosphere | the inner layer of the suns atmospher |
| chromosphere | the middle layer of the suns atmosphere |
| radiative zone | most heat flows through here as forms of electromagnetic radiation |
| convective zone | the outermost layer of the suns interior |
| core | the sun produces an enormous amount of energy in its core, or central region |
| rotation | the spinnign of earth on its axis |
| revolution | the movement of one object around another |
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