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Gen. Science Mod. 4
Science, Applied Science, and Technology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| motivation for science | Gain knowledgeto satisfy own curiosity. |
| motivation for applied science | Gain useful information. |
| technology | A new process or machine that makes life better or a job easier. |
| Pascal | Great scientist, mathematician and philosopher that invented the adding machine. |
| ENIAC | First electronic computer. |
| vacuum tubes | Devices used in the first computers. |
| transistor | Replaced vacuum tubes making computers faster and cheaper. |
| Roentgen | Accidently invented X-rays. |
| simple machine | A device that either multiplies or reduces a force. |
| force | A ush or pull exerted on an object in an effort ot change that object's velocity. |
| six simple machines | Lever, wheel and axle, pulley, inclined plane, wedge, screw. |
| fulcrum | Point on which the beam of a lever pivots. |
| mechanical advantage | The amount by which force or motion is magnified in a simple machine. |
| effort | Force being appied. |
| resistance | Weight that is being lifted. |
| mechanical advantage for a lever | distance from fulcrum to effort/distance from fulcrum to resistance. |
| fulcrum | Fulcrum is between effort and resistance. |
| second class lever | Resistance is between fulcrum and effort. |
| third class lever | Effort is between fulcrum and resistance. |
| pliers | Example of first class lever. |
| wheelbarrow | Example of a second class lever. |
| forearm | Example of a second class lever. |
| wheel and axle | A simple machine consisting of a wheel attached to a smaller axle so that these two parts rotate together in which a force is transferred from one to the other |
| diameter | The length of a straight line that travels from one side of a circle to another and passes through the center of the circle. |
| mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle | Diameter of wheel/diameter of axle |
| Pulley | A grooved wheel that rotates freely on a frame. |
| mechanical advantage of a pulley | Number of pulleys used. |
| block and tackle | An arrangement of rope and pulleys that allows you to trade force for distance. |
| inclined plane | A simple machine consisting of a sloping surface, used for raising heavy objects. |
| wedge | A simple machine used to separate things. |
| double wedge | Two wedges put together. |
| mechanical advantage for inclined plane | Length of slope/height |
| mechanical advantage for wedge | Length of slope/height |
| screw | A simple machine consisting of a twisted inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder in ridges. |
| pitch | The distance between the threads in a screw. |
| mechanical advantage of a screw | Circumference/pitch |
| pi | 3.1416 |
| circumference | Distance around a circle, pi x diameter. |
Created by:
vernahale
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