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Module 12A/B -Plants
First & second half module 12 - plant structure and function
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Physiology | the study of life processes in an organism |
| Vegetative organs | the parts of a plant (such as stems, roots, and leaves) that are not involved in reproduction |
| Reproductive plant organs | the parts of a plant (such as flowers, fruits, and seeds) involved in reproduction |
| Undifferentiated cells | cells that have not specialized in any particular function |
| Ground tissue | the most common tissue in a plant, whose cells have a wide variety of functions |
| Parenchyma | ground tissue that provides storage for starches and oils that the plant needs |
| Collenchyma | ground tissue that is made of living cells with unevenly thickened cell walls that help to support young stems, roots, and petioles |
| Sclerenchyma | ground tissue which provides rigid support and protection |
| Dermal tissue | the outer covering of a plant and is generally made out of a single layer of cells |
| Xylem | nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves |
| Phloem | living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant |
| Girdling | the process of cutting away a ring of inner and outer bark all the way around a tree trunk |
| Deciduous plant | a plant that loses its leaves for winter |
| Nastic movement | a plant's response to a stimulus such that the direction of the response is preprogrammed and not dependent on the direction of the stimulus |
| Stimulus | an environmental change that triggers a response |
| Pore spaces | spaces in the soil that determine how much water and air the soil can hold |
| Loam | a mixture of gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter |
| Translocation | the process by which organic substances move through the phloem of a plant |
| Hormones | chemicals that circulate throughout multicellular organisms, regulating cellular processes by interacting with specifically targeted cells |
| Phototropism | a growth response to light |
| Gravitropism | a growth response to gravity |
| Thigmotropism | a growth response to touch |
| Meristematic region | the portion of the root above the root cap, where undifferentiated cells carry on mitosis. this is where most of the growth of the root takes place. |
| Elongation region | portion of the root where cells are beginning to differentiate into specific kinds of cells |
| Maturation region | portion of the root where cells become fully differentiated |
| Monocot | grass and grass-like flowering plants, the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon |
| Dicot | flowering plants, the seeds of which have two embryonic leaves, or cotyledons |
| Root cap | composed of dead, thick-walled cells which protect the root as it shoves its way into the soil. |
| Petiole | the small stalk that attaches the blade to the stem of a plant |
| Primary growth | when a plant grows in length, whether from roots or shoots |
| Secondary growth | when a plant grows in width; only occurs in woody plants |
| Guard cells | cells that open and close the stoma on the underside of leaves |
| Stomata | tiny holes on the underside of most leaves that allow for the exchange of gases with the atmosphere |
| Insectivorous plants | plants that decompose insects and use their raw materials for biosynthesis |
Created by:
MelRodriguez
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