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Heredity Intro
Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the study of heredity | genetics |
| is the father of modern genetics | Gregor Mendel |
| type of plants used in 1st genetic studies | pea plants |
| different forms of the same gene | allele |
| 2-stranded molecule ; double helix ; holds all genetic information | DNA |
| characteristic an individual has inherited | trait |
| means "same" alleles | homozygous alleles |
| means "different" alleles | heterozygous alleles |
| trait using upper-cased letter ; always expressed | dominant trait |
| trait using lower-cased letter ; only expressed if other not present | recessive trait |
| the joining of male and female sex cells to form embryo | fertilization |
| aka sex cells (sperm and egg) | gametes |
| aka parent generation | P generation |
| aka offspring generations | F generations |
| "type" that tells genetic information | genotype |
| "type" that describes physical appearance | phenotype |
| diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotypes of offspring | Punnett Square |
| segment of DNA that codes for a trait (protein) | gene |
| example of homozygous dominant genotype | HH (example of...) |
| example of heterozygous dominant genotype (hybrid) | Hh (example of ...) |
| example of homozygous recessive genotype | hh (example of ....) |
| phenotype comes from these 2 things | genotype & environment |
| human female genotype | XX |
| human male genotype | XY |
| cross of 2 individuals for 1 trait | monohybrid cross (4 boxes) |
| cross of 2 individuals for 2 traits | dihybrid cross (16 boxes) |
| cross to find the unknown genotype of 1 parent with a homozygous recessive parent | test cross |
| dominance where one trait/allele is dominant & the other is recessive (only 2 possible traits) | complete dominance |
| dominance where both alleles are equally expressed at the same time ; heterozygote shows both traits | co-dominance |
| dominance where neither allele is dominant ; the heterozygote is a blend of the homozygous traits | incomplete dominance |
| someone that has normal phenotype but can pass the recessive allele to offspring [heterozygote] | carrier |
| traits only caused by the X-chromosome where only females can be carriers | x-linked traits |
| human blood alleles that are co-dominant | A and B blood alleles |
| human blood allele that is recessive | O blood allele |
| human parent whose (sex chromosomes) genotype determines the gender of the offspring | father |
| very similar chromosomes ; 1 from each parent | homologous chromosomes |
Created by:
cadetjt
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