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CET - Cell Diversity

OCR A level Biology F211

QuestionAnswer
How is a neutrophil specialised to defend the body against disease? Flexible shape can engulf foreign particles / pathogens. Lysosomes in cytoplasm contain digestive enzymes to break down engulfed particles.
How is an erythrocyte specialised to carry oxygen in the blood? Biconcave disk - large SA for gas exchange. No nucleus - more room for Hb.
How are epithelial cells specialised to cover the surface of organs? Joined by interlinking membranes and membrane at base. Some have cilia - beat and waft particles. Some have microvilli - folds increase SA.
How are sperm cells specialised? Flagellum - propel themselves to ovum. Many mitochondria - energy to propel. Acrosome - digestive enzymes to enable to penetrate ovum surface.
How are palisade mesophyll cells specialised to do most of the photosynthesis? Many chloroplasts - can absorb a lot of sunlight. Thin walls - CO2 can diffuse in easily.
How are root hair cells specialised to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil? Large SA - absorption. Thin, permeable cell wall - entry of water and ions. Extra mitochondria - ATP for active transport.
How are guard cells specialised to form tiny pores for gas exchange? In light, take up water to become turgid. Thick outer walls and thickened inner walls force to bend outwards, opening stomata, so leaf can exchange gases for photosynthesis.
Created by: emm142
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