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Human Heredity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a genome? | a full set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA |
| What is a karyotype? | a karyotype shows the full set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size |
| Males are __. Females are __. | XY; XX |
| The complete human genome consists of 46 chromosomes, __ autosomes and _ sex chromosomes. | 44; 2 |
| Many human traits follow a pattern of ______ dominance. | simple |
| Because the X and Y chromosomes determine sex, the genes located on them show a pattern of inheritance called ___ _______. | sex linkage |
| What is a sex linked gene? | a gene located on a sex chromosome |
| Because males only carry one X, recessive phenotype of sex linked disorders tend to be much ____ ______ among males than among females. | more common |
| What is a pedigree? | a chart that shows the presence of absence of a trait according to the relationships within a family across several generations |
| What does a circle represent in a pedigree? | female |
| What does a square represent in a pedigree? | male |
| The shade of a shape on a pedigree means the trait being discussed is ______. | present |
| Based on a pedigree, you can often determine is an allele for a trait is ________ or _________, _________ or ___-______. | dominant; recessive; autosomal; sex-linked |
| How can changes in a gene's DNA sequence change proteins? | by altering their amino acid sequences |
| What is sickle cell disease? | a disorder affected by a defective allele for hemoglobin |
| What is cystic fibrosis? | a disorder caused by a change in three bases that results in the removal of one amino acid(phenylalanine); this causes the cell membrane to be unable to transport ions and tissues throughout the body malfunction(this mainly causes problems in the lungs) |
| What is Huntington's disease? | caused by a dominant alleles for a protein found in brain cells; the allele contains a long string of the amino acid glutamine that repeats; appears in middle age, but the more repeats the more severe and earlier it appears |
| What is nondisjunction? | an error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly |
| What is Turner's syndrome? | it occurs in which they only have one X chromosome, causing them to be sterile |
| What is Klinefelter's syndrome? | the inheritance of an extra X chromosome in males, which results in them being sterile |
| How can scientists now read the base sequences in DNA from any cell? | by using tools that cut, separate, and then replicate DNA base by base |
| Only 2-3% of our genome actually codes for ________, the rest is for structural reasons only. | proteins |
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alov9636
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