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Conservation Biol
Biology 330: Conservation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition: Biodiversity | Genes, species, communities, and ecological processes |
| Species: Reproductive Criteria | a species is distinct if it cannot successfully breed with members of another species |
| Species: Morphological Criteria | a species is distinct if it physically looks different. i.e. amount of hair/color |
| Species: Genetic Criteria | a species is distinct if the structure of its genetic composition is different from that of another species |
| Definition: Endemic | where a species is found in one place and one place only. Restricted by geographical areas. |
| Biodiversity: Ethics | we have a responsibility to not be careless about exploiting biodiversity. Do minimal damage to resources. |
| Biodiversity: Aesthetics | protecting species because of their beauty |
| Biodiversity: Direct Benefits(Goods) | Food and water and material objects we get from nature |
| Biodiversity: Indirect Benefits(Services) | Economic benefits from the services provided by natural resources. |
| Population Pyramid | a rectangular shaped graph shows that the population is stable and at the replacement rate. Top heavy means more adults then children. Bottom heavy vice versa. |
| Demographic Transition Model | Death rate falls before birth rate. No agreement on maximum number of people earth can support. |
| Population | Currently about 6 billion. Expected to be between 8 and 10 billion by 2050 |
| Education | The more education girls receive the less children they are likely to have. |
| Ecological Footprint | US has highest footprint at 9.57 hectares per person. |
| Old-growth | Forest that has never been disturbed by human activity to the best of our knowledge. Also called virgin forest, ancient forest. US only has 15% old-growth left. |
| Hubbard Brook | New Hampshire. Two similar mountains. Found the more chemicals present in the water, the less in the soil. Clear cutting puts more soil in the water. As clear cut recovers chemicals revert back |
| Biological Effects: Clear Cutting | Fewer species appear in regenerated areas. |
| Edge Effects | Exposure to the elements. Increased predation. Brood Parasitism. Stress. |
| Replanting: Plantation Forests | Fewer species. Species may not be native. Altered soil quality. NOT EVERY SPECIES SHOW NEGATIVE EFFECTS |
| Deciduous vs. Tropical Forests | deciduous trees lose there leaves. less seasonality with tropical forests. Tropical forests have high biodiversity and productivity..poor soil quality. |
| Keystone Species | a species with a greater significance than its abundance would suggest. |
| Debt for Nature Swap | non government organizations agree to pay debt if specified area is protected from destruction. it would cost 5.3 billion to pay every country for not cutting their forests. |
| Tool Box | Regulate population size and growth Educate without without misinforming. Provide economic incentives to consumers. Learn from indigenous people |
| Swidden Plot | more careful then slash and burn. Burn forests to return nutrients back to soil. Eventually the land will not be nearly as productive |
| Definition: Succession | different species occurring naturally after a natural disturbance. change in species composition over time. Human activities can influence |
| "Net Present Value" | Value now AND IN THE FUTURE it is worth more to be careful than destructive. |
| Eco-Tourism | Go to a forest that is as natural as possible and leave nothing behind |
| Bio-Prospecting | Merck--go to rain forest and if find "next big thing" share the profits. |
| Wetlands | Gov: land that is wet Ecological: there are marker species that define what a wetland is. Wetlands don't have to always be wet. |
| Riparian protection | Required by law to protect natural areas of land from damage from developments |
| Mitigation Wetland | Created by man to replace a wetland that was damaged by human action. -law says you have to determine if the wetland is working. -proposal to construct before destruction of wetlands |
| Non-Essential Wetlands | a wetland that is not associated with a navigable river. |
| Salt-Marshes (wetlands) | extremely productive ecosystems |
| Productive | amount that grows per unit area, per unit time. |
| Approximate number of Species | 1.5 million today. estimated to be about 10 million. |
| Wetland Loss | Estimated to have lost about 50% per state in US. |
Created by:
courtanderson
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