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Biology
Biology - Homeostasis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | regulation of internal conditions to maintain optimum conditions in response to changes |
| 3 things humans need to keep constant in order to survive | core body temperature, blood glucose levels & water levels |
| Receptor | detects stimuli |
| Co-ordinator | receives & processes information (e.g. muscles) |
| Effector | The organ, tissue or cell that produces a response |
| Nervous responses | nerves that transfer information from receptors to the brain & spinal cord (co-ordinators) and then to effectors |
| Hormonal responses | use hormones which are released from various organs and travel through the blood to various effectors |
| Optimum | the best |
| Neurones | specialised nerve cells |
| Sensory neurone | connects receptors to the co-ordinator |
| Relay neurone | co-ordinates the correct response to the stimulus |
| Motor neurone | sends the signal from the co-ordinator to the stimulus |
| Co-ordinators for the nervous system | brain & spinal cord (central nervous system) |
| Synapse | gap between where a nerve ends and joins to another |
| Function of the synapse | to allow the nervous system to direct the signal to the right location |
| Reflexes | automatic responses hard-wired into your body |
| Hormones | chemical messengers produced in glands that travel round the body |
| Endocrine system | organs & glands which co-ordinate changes in the body using hormones |
| How do hormones travel through the body | through the blood stream |
| Pituitary gland | the master gland of the endocrine system, located in the brain |
| What happens if there is too MUCH sugar (glucose) in the blood | water leaves the red blood cells by osmosis & the red blood cells shrivel & can't carry oxygen |
| What happens if there is too LITTLE sugar (glucose) in the blood? | water moves to the red blood cells by osmosis & the blood cells swell & can burst |
| Pancreas | Large gland located in the abdomen near the stomach which produces digestive enzymes and the hormone insulin. |
| Liver | organ that stores glucose as insoluble glycogen |
| Type 1 Diabetes | When the body's immune system accidentally attacks the pancreas |
| Type 2 Diabetes | Caused by poor diet & obesity. |
| How is Type 1 Diabetes controlled? | injections of insulin |
| How is Type 2 Diabetes controlled? | diet & exercise |
| Diabetes | a disease where a person cannot control their blood glucose concentration |
| Gland | An organ or tissue that makes a substance for release, such as a hormone |
| Glucose | A simple sugar used by cells for respiration. |
| Glycogen | Animals store glucose as glycogen in their liver and muscle tissues |
| LH | Luteinising Hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, which stimulates ovulation. |
| Negative Feedback | A mechanism where changes to conditions cause an action to reverse the change, to keep conditions stable. |
| Oestrogen | A female sex hormone produced in the ovaries, which is responsible for puberty in girls and the regulation of the menstrual cycle. |
| Progesterone | Sex hormone produced by the ovaries and placenta |
| Puberty | Time during which sexual maturity happens. |
| Thyroxine | Hormone produced by the thyroid gland that stimulates the basal metabolic rate. |
| Uterus | Also known as a womb. This is where the fertilised egg (ovum) develops. |
Created by:
samfitter
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