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Biology - Mitosis123

Biology - Mitosis

TermDefinition
Nucleotide A subunit of which nucleic acids are formed; contains a 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate group with a nitrogenous base.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents.
Ribonucleic Acid Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose.
Gene Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait.
Transcription (of DNA) Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template.
Translation (of RNA) Process by which the sequence of mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein
Codon Group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein.
Anticodon Group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the three bases of a codon of mRNA.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Type of RNA that carries copies of the instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell.
Transfer RNA. (tRNA) Type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribsome during protein synthesis
Helicase Enzyme that will break apart DNA or RNA nucleotides.
Ligase Enzyme that will bond DNA or RNA nucleotides.
DNA Polymerase Principle enzyme involved in DNA replication
RNA Polymerase Enzyme that links together the growing chain of ENA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
Exons Expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein
Introns Sequence of DNA that does not code for a protein
Splicing Process in which introns are removed and exons that code for proteins are put moved/put together
Mutation Change in the genetic material of a cell.
Insertion/Deletion Mutation A mutation in which genes are either added or taken out of the coded sequence
Frameshift Mutation Mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide.
Created by: Kenyi Yoyo
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