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Bio L2 Cells TOP 30

NCEA Level 2 Biology Life Processes at the Cellular Level AS 91156

TermDefinition
active site The part of an enzyme to which the substrate(s) bind.
active transport The movement of a substance across a membrane against its concentration gradient, or in bulk. This requires energy.
aerobic respiration Respiration which requires oxygen.
anaerobic respiration Respiration which does not require oxygen.
Calvin cycle A series of reactions in the stroma of chloroplasts in which carbon dioxide is incorporated into glucose. Also called the light-independent phase or carbon fixation.
cell cycle The series of events that take place in a cell, leading to its division. It includes interphase, mitosis (including prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase) and cytokinesis.
chloroplast Organelle which is the site of photosynthesis.
co-factor Specific chemical which must be present for a particular enzyme to function.
denature When the shape of an enzyme's active site is altered and the substrate(s) can no longer bind.
diffusion The movement of particles, through random motion, from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
DNA A double helix of linked nucleotides, carrying the genetic information of an organism.
DNA replication Process in which an exact copy of the DNA is made prior to cell division, so that there is a full set of genetic information available in each cell after cell division has occurred.
enzyme A biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of a reaction inside an organism. It is a type of protein and lowers the energy needed for a reaction to take place.
enzyme inhibitor A substance that decreases an enzyme's activity by binding to the enzyme.
facilitated diffusion Movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a cell membrane via special proteins called channel proteins or carrier proteins. Passive transport; does not require energy.
light-dependent phase The first phase of photosynthesis, in which water is split using light energy. Also called the light reaction or photolysis.
mitochondrion Organelle which is the site of respiration.
mitosis A type of cell division leading to the formation of two daughter cells, each with an identical set of chromosomes.
nucleotide Molecule consisting of a phosphate, a sugar and a nitrogenous base.
osmosis The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
passive transport Movement of chemicals into or out of a cell without any energy cost to the cell (e.g. diffusion, osmosis).
photosynthesis A process in plants in which carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose (and oxygen) using light energy.
photosynthesis equation CO2 + H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + O2
photosynthesis word equation Carbon dioxide + water + light energy -> glucose + oxygen
respiration Process in which glucose is broken down to release energy in the form of ATP.
respiration equation C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP)
respiration word equation Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
semi-conservative The term to describe that each DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly-made complementary strand.
substrate The molecule(s) on which an enzyme acts.
thylakoid A flattened membrane disc inside a chloroplast; contains chlorophyll.
Created by: nztcowen
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