Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BIO 1120 - Exam II
Chapter 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A cell's genetic information is called it's | genome. |
| _____ are structures in which DNA molecules aer packaged into. | Chromosomes |
| Each eukaryotic chromosome contains _____ DNA molecule. | One |
| _____ maintain the structure of DNA molecules by wrapping around DNA. | Proteins |
| Gametes have _____ the chromosomes that somatic cells have. | half |
| DNA replicates in | Chromatin form |
| When do chromosomes condense? | After DNA replication |
| After a chromosome undergoes DNA replication, the chromosome will have two _____ _____. | sister chromatids |
| What are two sister chromatid arms connected by? | a centromere |
| A sister chromatid is the replicated DNA of what? | The original chromosome (chromatid) |
| Each sister chromatid contains an identical _____ _____. | DNA molecule |
| A centromere is a region made out of what? | Repetitive sequences of DNA |
| Cytokinesis is the division of _____. | cytoplasm |
| What is the shortest phase of the cell cycle? | Mitosis and Cytokinesis (M Phase) |
| What stage of the cell cycle do cells spend 90% of their lives in? | Interphase |
| What are the three phases of interphase? | G1, S, and G2 |
| DNA duplication occurs in which stage of Interphase? | S |
| What phase is spent the most in (one of the phases of Interphase)? | S |
| What phase do normal non-dividing cells spend their time in? | G1 |
| What are the 6 stages of Mitosis? | prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis |
| What stage of mitosis can sister chromatids first be seen? | Prophase |
| The nuclear envelope starts to break apart and "disappear" during _____ stage. | Prometaphase |
| In Prometaphase, chromosomes become even more _____. | condensed |
| A kinetochore is a specialized protein structure that does what to chromosomes during metaphase? | Kinetochores are areas in which microtubules can attach and pull the sister chromatids apart. |
| During Metaphase, where are the chromosomes? | The chromosomes are line up at the metaphase plate (the equator of the cell) |
| Which stage is the shortest stage in mitosis? | Anaphase |
| During Anaphase, what is happening to the chromosomes? | The two sister chromatids are pulled apart from one another and dragged to opposite ends of the cell. |
| During Anaphase, what is happening to the cell? | The cell visibly gets elongated as the sister chromatids are moving further apart from one another. |
| The end of Anaphase is declared when both ends of the cells have what? | Equivalent and complete collections of chromosomes |
| When does nucleoli disappear? | Anaphase |
| When does nucleoli reappear? | Telophase |
| Which phase is considered the "reverse" of anaphase? | Telophase |
| What phase of mitosis is the division of one nucleus into two identical nuclei complete? | Telophase |
| In Telophase, chromosomes become less condensed and the dividing cell contains how many nuclei? | 2 identical nuclei |
| In animal cells, a _____ _____ forms, pinching the cell in two. | cleavage furrow |
| What are mitotic spindles? | microtubules and proteins involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis |
| When do motion spindles begin to form? | Prophase |
| Microtubules begin to assemble where? | centrosome |
| Do plant cells contain centrioles? | No |
| What enzyme cleaves the sister chromatids apart? | separase |
| What molecules are used to power the movement of kinetochore microtubules (what molecule "walks" on microtubules)? | motor proteins |
| What are the two ways motor proteins power the movement of kinetochore microtubules? | motor proteins "walk" chromosomes along microtubules; motor proteins "reel in" chromosomes |
| In animal cells, what structures are responsible for the elongating of the cell during anaphase? | nonkinetochore microtubules |
| In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known as _____. | cleavage |
| In plant cells, _____ create cell plates that leads to cytokinesis. | vesicles |
| A cell plate is a membrane-bounded, flattened _____ which forms during cytokinesis. | sacs |
| What cells produce cell plates during cytokinesis? | plant cells |
| Is binary fission asexual or sexual reproduction? | Asexual reproduction |
| In binary fission, single-celled eukaryotic cells do what? | the cells double in size, then split in half |
| True or false. Eukaryotic asexual reproduction involves mitosis. | True |
| True or false. Prokaryotic asexual reproduction involves mitosis. | False |
| Bacteria has _____ DNA. | circular |
| The origin of replication is the site in which DNA replication _____. | begins |
| How many origins of replications does bacteria DNA replication have? | Two |
| The Cell Cycle Control System consists of molecules that do what? | The molecules can trigger and coordinate key events in the cell cycle |
| There are important checkpoints in which 3 phases of the cell cycle? | G1, G2, and M |
| Mature-Promoting Factor (MPF) passes what checkpoint in the cell cycle? | G2 checkpoint |
| MPFs are created when cyclin-dependent kinases are attached to what? | Cyclin |
| In order for a cell to pass G2 checkpoint, what two molecules must be present (in great numbers)? | cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins |
| What may happen if a cell does not receive a "go-ahead signal" pass the G1 checkpoint? | The cell may exit the cell cycle and enter G0 phase. |
| What is G0 phase? | a non-dividing state |
| Most human body cells are in _____ phase. | G0 |
| During what phase in mitosis is the M checkpoint? | prometaphase |
| Growth factors are _____ released by certain cells to stimulate division of other cells. | Proteins |
| Density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependance are examples of what kind of physical factor on cell division (internal or external)? | External |
| In density-dependent inhibition, what occurs between cells? | Crowded cells stop dividing, even in the presence of growth factors. |
| In anchorage dependance, what occurs between cells? | Cells only divide when they are attached or "anchored" to another substratum. |
| MPF promotes mitosis by what? | phosphorylating many different proteins |
Created by:
gracelisabethxo
Popular Biology sets