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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Basalt | A dark dance and igneous rock with a fine texture found in ocean crust |
| Cementation | The process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments together to form a rock |
| Compaction | The process by which sediments are pressed together under their own weight |
| Deformation | When rocks change shape due to stress |
| Deposition | The process by which sediment is laid down in new locations |
| Erosion | Processes by which rocks sand and soil are broken down and carried away (I.e. Weathering, glaciation) |
| Granite | Usually light colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust |
| Igneous rock | A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface |
| Limestone | A sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals |
| Mantle | The layer of hot solid material between Earth's crust and core |
| Marble | Metamorphic rock that was once limestone |
| Metamorphic rock | Rock that has been changed by heat and pressure |
| Metamorphism | The process by which rocks are changed in composition texture or structure by extreme heat and pressure |
| Mineral | naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition |
| Quartzite | A metamorphic rock formed from sandstone |
| Sandstone | A sedimentary rock made of Sand held together by natural cement |
| Rock cycle | A series of processes on the surface and inside that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another |
| Sediment | Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things |
| Sedimentary rock | A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |
| Shale | A rock with fine grain formed from clay, mud or silt |
| Slate | A type of metamorphic rock that was once shale rock formed by heat and pressure |
| Weathering | The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface |
| Uplift | The rising of regions of the Earth's crust to higher elevation |
| Sedimentation | The building up of layers of small particles like sand or mud |
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