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HG Science Exam
Harris Goldstein Science Exam 17.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How is climate determined? | Climate is determined by averaging the weather of a region over a 30 year period. |
| The definition of "weather" includes: | temperature, precipitation, air pressure, humidity, and number of sunny days per year |
| How do mountains affect climate? | Typically they have more rain and lower temperature. They also have orographic lifting (air rises, cools, and condenses that causes rain shadows on the landward side of the mountain. |
| How do water bodies affect climate? | large bodies of water can affect climate by absorbing or giving off heat, So, coastal areas are warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer than inland areas at the same time. |
| What region of the United States is the least sunny? | The West Coast (Washington, Oregon, and Northern California). These areas have the smallest annual range of temperature. |
| Why is a cactus stem thick and waxy? | It helps hold in water |
| What is it called when a farmer has the same crop? | monoculture |
| What is the problems when farmers grow monoculture? | They leave large percentages of our food supply vulnerable to epidemics. |
| The dairy industry increased after what? | World War II |
| What two ways did the dairy industry increase production? | 1) having more cows per farm 2) increasing the amount of milk produced per cow. |
| The high use of antibiotics contributes to what? | antibiotic resistant bacteria. |
| What do Phytochemicals do? | are chemical compounds such as beta-carotene that occur naturally in plants. It refers to those chemicals that may affect health, but are not yet established as essential nutrients. |
| Industry agriculture can produce more what? | More calories per acre than organic produce, but each of those calories may supply less nutrition. |
| What are the reasons that human population has increased so much in the last few centuries? | Modern medicine, clean water,, and better nutrition |
| Why has China instituted the One-Child Policy? | In order to slow down its huge population growth. |
| What are the benefits of obeying the One-Child Policy policy? | People who obey are given salary bonus, bigger land grants, extended maternity leave, paid medical and hospital expenses, priority access to housing, employment and schooling. |
| What are the penalties of disobeying the One-Child Policy policy? | Withdraw of family allowances and medical benefits, fines, demotion or discharge from a government job. |
| Does Russia have a over population or underpopulation problem? | underpopulation problem |
| Why are people leaving Russia? | People are emigrating out of Russia to Western nations for better opportunities. |
| Why might it be a problem for a country to have a small base of young population and a larger population of older people? | The younger and smaller base of people cannot produce a big enough tax base to support the older and larger generation. |
| A few miles south of Golden Meadow, Tidwell saw a strange sight. What is the significance about him and seeing oak trees and telephone trees in standing water? | They're not swamp trees. The bayou flooded because of past hurricanes. The telephone poles used to be on grass ad the oak tree use to be n land. |
| What year was the Mississippi River's Great Flood which killed over a thousand people in Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana? | The Great Flood of 1927 |
| Coastal Louisiana, by itself, accounts for an astonishing ____________ percent of American's annual seafood harvested, measured by weight? | 30% |
| Why are Houma officials forced to draw water from a bayou north of town which drains a murky swamp? | Because the cities main source of drinking water is contaminated by salt water. |
| When a navigation canal was dug in 1962 between Houma and the Gulf of Mexico, how did this negatively affect freshwater swamps? | Salt water rushed into the vast sweet-water swap, killing all fresh water plant life in its path and leaving these ghostly remains. |
| Because of all the factors working against a quick restoration of the wetlands, what should our goal be (according to restoration advocates)? | The goal is to preserve the remaining amount of land and to gradually expand the deteriorating grasses. |
| Explain the point Tidwell makes by stating that Dean Blachard went to Washington DC to protest TEDs but not over the issue of coastal restoration | Dean has never been to Washington DC over the issue of coastal restoration or had t-shirts printed up. Tidwell's point goes back to supporting the quote, "the estuary itself is the problem." |
| Tidwell was watching Knuckles' GPS screen and saw that they seemed to be headed for a collision with land. In the end, they did not hit any land. What was the confusion? | Knuckles has had the computer map for 7 years; so much land has disappeared, that his boat sometimes appears to be going through solid ground when it is actually under water. |
| What is orographic lift? | occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain. As the air mass gains altitude it expands and cools adiabatically, which can raise the relative humidity to 100% and create clouds. |
| What is a rain shadow? | A rain shadow is a dry area on the mountainside facing away from the direction of the wind. The mountains block the passage of rain-producing weather systems, casting a "shadow" of dryness behind them. |
| How can cities at the same latitude in the United States have drastically different climates? | Heat capacity |
| What is the ozone layer? | The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone |
| What is the troposphere? | The troposphere is the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere. It contains approximately 75% of the atmosphere's mass and 99% of its water vapor and aerosols. |
| How are the different layers of the atmosphere (by temperature) and | The temperature rate has to do with the amount of ozone concentration. The less amount of ozone, then the temperature decreases. |
| How do CFC's break up ozone? (first 3 steps) | 1) Ultraviolet light breaks up CFC molecule, 2) a released chlorine atom breaks up ozone (O3) molecule, 3) The chlorine atom joins with an oxygen atom, leaving behind a molecule of oxygen |
| How do CFC's break up ozone? (last 3 steps) | 4) A free oxygen breaks the chlorine-oxygen bond, 5) Oxygen atoms rejoin to form a normal (O2) molecule, 6) released chlorine atom breaks up another ozone (O3) molecule. |
| How does a landfill work? | A landfill are designed to prevent liquid wastes from draining into the soil and groundwater below. They are lined with clay, plastic or cement to trap liquid waste. The waste is covered with soil to trap the smell of decomposing materials from smelling. |
| Planned obsolescence | is the process of a product becoming obsolete or non-functional after a certain period or amount of use in a way that is planned or designed by the manufacturer, or "Designed to Fail". |
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marcrobertdillon
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