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Unit 3 Test Review
Review terms for upcoming test.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Any similarities between the structure of two organisms |
| Analogous structures | Show similarity of structure between two species that are not closely related; function based not structure based |
| Development | Patterns and similarities have been identified throughout embryonic developmental stages of vertebrates and even in some plants |
| Molecular | patterns of similarities found in DNA and amino acid sequences of different specie |
| DNA | all the genetic information an organism possesses |
| Natural Selection | Individuals with variations in traits are more likely suited to their environment and will survive to produce more offspring |
| Darwin | Founder of natural selection and evolution / thought species come from pre existing species. Close species are on tree closely related they are |
| Fossil record | total number of fossils that have been discovered as well as the information gathered from them |
| Trait | A characteristic which is passed on to offspring through heredity |
| Embryology | The study and formation and development of an embryo and fetus |
| Natural Selection vs. Selective Breeding | Natural Selection: Environment determines traits Selective Breeding: Man manipulates traits |
| Traits | A trait, as related to genetics, is a specific characteristic of an individual. Traits can be determined by genes, environmental factors or by a combination of both. Examples of inherited traits are eye color, height and blood pressure. |
| Homologous structures | Homologous structures are similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions. An example of homologous structures are the limbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats. |
| Vestigial structures | Features present in modern animals that are no longer in use or have dramatically became smaller in size (ex: wisdom teeth) |
| Genetic Code | DNA, genes and chromosomes make you who you are. Chromosomes carry DNA in cells. DNA is responsible for building and maintaining your human structure. Genes are segments of your DNA, which give you physical characteristics that make you unique. |
| Fossil record | The fossil record is made up of all the fossils that have been found, along with their relative ages. Scientists can look at patterns in the fossil record to understand the history of life on Earth. |
| Index fossils | Any animal or plant preserved in the rock record of the Earth that is characteristic of a particular span of geologic time or environment |
| Mutations | An alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a gene whereas variation is any difference between individuals of a particular species. |
| Species | A group of organisms that can reproduce with one another in nature and produce fertile offspring. |
| Fossils | Remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock |
| Trace vs. Body | Trace fossils are imprints or records of an animal’s behavior such as footprints, while body fossils are the actual preserved remains of organisms. |
| Cast Fossil | A cast fossil is the result of a mold. Minerals from the ground or water fill up the mold and harden into the shape of the original organism. |
| Mold Fossil | A mold fossil is created when an organism is buried in sediment and the entire body decays. After decay, there is an impression or hollow space where the organism once was. |
| Theory of Continental Drift | Continents “drift” on tectonic plates heated plastic layer of mantle; periodically crash into one another; break apart. Alfred Wegener: “Theory of Continental Drift” in 1912. Fossils have served as pieces the story of Pangea and past life on Earth. |
| evolution | The process by which organisms change gradually over time. |
| relative dating and the law of superposition, | Based on relative dating and the law of superposition, the oldest fossils in an undisturbed rock sample will be found in the bottom layers of rock. |
| Four MAIN evidences of evolution | 1. Fossils 2. Anatomy 3. Embryology 4. DNA evidence |
| Breeding/Artificial Selection | Breeding allows for humans to carefully select desirable traits in specific organisms and enhance them, or do the opposite and try to remove certain traits. |
| Favorable Traits | A favorable trait is a result of a mutation or positive gene passed on from a previous generation. When a species possesses a favorable trait, it will likely improve their chances of survival and be able to pass on those traits to the next generation. |
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lsabs
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